绿色复合材料制备及其在声学仪器领域的应用
发布时间：2018-09-04 15:18
【摘要】：随着日益严重的能源危机和资源约束,利用可再生资源如植物纤维与可生物降解聚合物生产绿色复合材料的技术应运而生。在音乐领域,制作声学乐器吉他的传统材料主要是利用桃花心木木质,而这种珍贵的树种目前已经濒临灭绝。所以研究开发一种可再生和可持续的材料来替代优质木材制作声学仪器成为研究者们努力的方向。 聚乳酸(PLA)是完全可生物降解高分子材料。同时其具有优良的生物相容性,高强度,可塑性强,易加工成型等优点,是高分子基质的合适选择。植物纤维价廉,比强度高并可降解,近年来作为增强材料发展迅速,用来增强聚乳酸,不但可以提高材料的性能,而且赋予复合材料完全降解性能。植物纤维中,麻纤维的强度和模量优于其它植物纤维,也是天然植物纤维中最长的纤维,因此本论文研究制备了亚麻/大麻纤维增强聚乳酸绿色复合材料,并对其在声学领域的应用进行讨论。 在本文中,笔者成功开发出一种采用薄片堆叠方法制成的绿色复合材料,并制作了不同纤维体积分数和不同的处理方式的亚麻/大麻纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料。实验中对样品进行了拉伸模量,抗弯模量和材料密度等测试,计算声音在材料中的传播速度；同时也运用电子扫描电镜来观察复合材料断裂面,分析复合材料的受力和断裂现象；并运用了动态力学分析(DMA)测试,计算材料的阻尼特性。 所有的测试结果显示,碱处理过的较高纤维体积分数的植物纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料与桃花心木木材相比,在声音传播速度,共鸣和保真度方面与桃花心木木材相似,并且兼具优良的机械性能。 因此,新型亚麻/大麻增强聚乳酸绿色复合材料,具有环保,成本低,可持续的优势,是替代稀有木材的优良材料,而且其在声学乐器行业中的应用有非常良好的前景。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious energy crisis and resource constraints, the technology of using renewable resources such as plant fibers and biodegradable polymers to produce green composite materials emerged as the times require. In music, the traditional material for making acoustic guitars is mahogany wood, a precious species that is now on the verge of extinction. Therefore, the research and development of a renewable and sustainable material to replace high-quality wood making acoustic instruments has become the direction of researchers. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a completely biodegradable polymer material. At the same time, it has the advantages of good biocompatibility, high strength, strong plasticity, easy processing, etc. It is the suitable choice of polymer matrix. Plant fibers are cheap, high specific strength and degradable. In recent years, as reinforcements, they have been developed rapidly and used to strengthen polylactic acid, which can not only improve the properties of the composites, but also endow the composites with complete degradability. In plant fibers, the strength and modulus of hemp fibers are superior to those of other plant fibers, and they are also the longest among the natural plant fibers. In this paper, the flax / hemp fiber reinforced poly (lactic acid) green composites were prepared. Its application in the field of acoustics is also discussed. In this paper, we successfully developed a green composite made by thin sheet stacking, and made flax / hemp fiber reinforced poly (lactic acid) composites with different fiber volume fraction and different treatment methods. The tensile modulus, flexural modulus and material density of the sample were measured to calculate the sound propagation velocity in the material, and the fracture surface of the composite was observed by using the electronic scanning electron microscope. The force and fracture phenomena of the composites are analyzed, and the damping characteristics of the composites are calculated by using dynamic mechanical analysis of (DMA) test. All tests showed that alkali-treated plant fiber reinforced PLA composites with higher fiber volume fraction were similar to mahogany wood in sound propagation speed, resonance and fidelity. And also has excellent mechanical properties. Therefore, new flax / hemp reinforced poly (lactic acid) green composite has the advantages of environmental protection, low cost and sustainable, it is a good substitute for rare wood, and its application in acoustic instrument industry has a very good prospect.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB332;TB51
本文编号：2222560
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious energy crisis and resource constraints, the technology of using renewable resources such as plant fibers and biodegradable polymers to produce green composite materials emerged as the times require. In music, the traditional material for making acoustic guitars is mahogany wood, a precious species that is now on the verge of extinction. Therefore, the research and development of a renewable and sustainable material to replace high-quality wood making acoustic instruments has become the direction of researchers. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a completely biodegradable polymer material. At the same time, it has the advantages of good biocompatibility, high strength, strong plasticity, easy processing, etc. It is the suitable choice of polymer matrix. Plant fibers are cheap, high specific strength and degradable. In recent years, as reinforcements, they have been developed rapidly and used to strengthen polylactic acid, which can not only improve the properties of the composites, but also endow the composites with complete degradability. In plant fibers, the strength and modulus of hemp fibers are superior to those of other plant fibers, and they are also the longest among the natural plant fibers. In this paper, the flax / hemp fiber reinforced poly (lactic acid) green composites were prepared. Its application in the field of acoustics is also discussed. In this paper, we successfully developed a green composite made by thin sheet stacking, and made flax / hemp fiber reinforced poly (lactic acid) composites with different fiber volume fraction and different treatment methods. The tensile modulus, flexural modulus and material density of the sample were measured to calculate the sound propagation velocity in the material, and the fracture surface of the composite was observed by using the electronic scanning electron microscope. The force and fracture phenomena of the composites are analyzed, and the damping characteristics of the composites are calculated by using dynamic mechanical analysis of (DMA) test. All tests showed that alkali-treated plant fiber reinforced PLA composites with higher fiber volume fraction were similar to mahogany wood in sound propagation speed, resonance and fidelity. And also has excellent mechanical properties. Therefore, new flax / hemp reinforced poly (lactic acid) green composite has the advantages of environmental protection, low cost and sustainable, it is a good substitute for rare wood, and its application in acoustic instrument industry has a very good prospect.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB332;TB51
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