加装非线性隔震装置的变压器抗震分析与样机仿真研究

发布时间：2018-11-08 14:24

【摘要】：由于变压器重达上百吨,特高压变压器甚至重达上千吨,且新的重型超高压变压器仍在研发推广中,而地震波的频率较低,方向随机性很大,传统的线性隔震器已经逐渐不能很好的满足实际需要。线性隔震器对于高频信号有很好的隔震效果,尽管借助主动隔振技术虽然能满足低频隔振的要求,但其对控制系统和环境的稳定性要求较高,且对于变压器这种“傻笨粗”的重型电气设备而言,成本高,维护和操作起来复杂。因此结合现有变压器抗震工程实际,开展低频被动隔震研究,设计用于变压器低频隔震的非线性隔震器对变压器抗震工程实际具有重要的实际意义。本论文从曹庆杰教授于2006年提出的一种几何非线性SD振子理论出发,建立一个新的准零刚度隔振模型,设计一种用于变压器低频隔震的几何非线性两级准零刚度隔震装置,结合理论推导、数值计算和虚拟样机仿真技术对该装置进行论证。本文的主要内容如下:首先,基于SD振子理论,建立了一个几何非线性准零刚度模型,该模型由被隔震体、两个斜拉弹簧和水平直线轨道组成。研究了该模型的非线性力-位移特性和刚度特性,分析了简谐加速度波激励下的幅频曲线,对加速度传递率及位移传递率进行了推导,并讨论了不同敏感参数对上述两个指标的影响。其次,对地震波作用下的几何非线性准零刚度理论模型使用龙格-库塔方法进行了数值近似计算,得到了不同系统参数对加速度传递率的影响,最后以加速度传递率为目标计算得出了适用于变压器隔震装置的最佳物理参数。最后,依据数值计算得最佳参数,对几何非线性两级准零刚度隔震装置进行结构设计。针对该结构利用多刚体动力学软件ADAMS进行了虚拟样机仿真,仿真模拟了水平地震波激励下的三个典型方向,即X轴向、Y轴向和与轴向呈45?方向。得到了此三个方向地震波激励下的响应指标,验证了前述理论推导和数值计算的准确性。同时,为了与线性隔震系统作对比,文末对等效的两级隔震装置也进行了样机仿真分析。最终得出结论,几何非线性两级准零刚度隔震装置比线性两级隔震装置的隔振频率更低,共振峰抑制效果更好,能更有效的隔离地震波,从而保证变压器安全可靠、有效地运行。
[Abstract]:Since transformers weigh hundreds of tons, UHV transformers even weigh thousands of tons, and new heavy-duty UHV transformers are still being developed and popularized, the frequency of seismic waves is low and the direction is very random. The traditional linear isolator has been unable to meet the actual needs. Linear isolator has good isolation effect for high frequency signal. Although active vibration isolation technology can meet the requirements of low frequency vibration isolation, it requires high stability of control system and environment. And for this kind of "stupid thick" heavy electrical equipment, the cost is high, maintenance and operation is complicated. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to design the nonlinear isolator used in the low-frequency isolation of transformers based on the existing seismic engineering of transformers, and to carry out the research on passive isolation of low-frequency and low-frequency transformers, which is of great practical significance to the aseismic engineering of transformers. Based on a geometric nonlinear SD oscillator theory proposed by Professor Cao Qingjie in 2006, a new quasi-zero stiffness isolation model is established, and a geometric nonlinear two-stage quasi-zero stiffness isolation device is designed for low frequency transformer isolation. Combined with theoretical derivation, numerical calculation and virtual prototype simulation technology, the device is demonstrated. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, based on SD oscillator theory, a geometric nonlinear quasi-zero stiffness model is established, which is composed of isolated body, two cable-stayed springs and horizontal linear track. The nonlinear force-displacement characteristics and stiffness characteristics of the model are studied. The amplitude-frequency curves excited by harmonic acceleration waves are analyzed, and the acceleration transfer rate and displacement transfer rate are derived. The effects of different sensitive parameters on the above two indexes are discussed. Secondly, the geometric nonlinear quasi-zero stiffness model under the action of seismic waves is numerically approximate calculated by Runge-Kutta method, and the influence of different system parameters on the acceleration transfer rate is obtained. Finally, the optimum physical parameters for transformer isolation device are calculated with acceleration transfer rate as the target. Finally, according to the optimum parameters of numerical calculation, the structural design of the two-stage quasi-zero stiffness isolation device with geometric nonlinearity is carried out. Virtual prototype simulation is carried out by using multi-rigid body dynamics software ADAMS, and three typical directions under horizontal seismic wave excitation are simulated, namely X axis, Y axis and 45? Direction. The response indexes of the three directions are obtained, and the accuracy of the theoretical derivation and numerical calculation is verified. At the same time, in order to compare with the linear isolation system, the equivalent two-stage isolation device is simulated and analyzed at the end of the paper. Finally, it is concluded that the vibration isolation frequency of the geometric nonlinear two-stage quasi zero stiffness isolation device is lower than that of the linear two-stage isolation device, the resonance peak suppression effect is better, and the seismic wave isolation is more effective, thus ensuring the safety and reliability of the transformer. Run effectively.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB535.1

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