通孔式消声器吸声材料及其消声特性的研究
发布时间：2018-12-09 21:43
【摘要】：排气噪声是气动系统工作的必然产物，不仅影响气动设备的使用寿命和工作效率，还会对工作者的身心健康造成危害，因此有必要对其进行噪声控制。最常用的降噪方法之一便是在气动系统尾部安装消声器。现今比较常用的消声器是封闭结构的，这种消声器不仅会引入过大的压降，而且长期使用后，异物会堵塞系统通路。本研究希望通过通孔式消声器来解决上述问题。通孔式消声器主要是靠其吸声材料进行降噪，本文的主要研究对象便是应用于气动用通孔式消声器的吸声材料。 对常用的吸声材料进行了系统的分类，在所有材料中选择了体积密度不同的四种聚酯纤维吸音棉、玻璃纤维、金属纤维、岩棉、棉花作为本课题的研究对象。根据多孔吸声材料的吸声机理，确定了与材料吸声性能相关的特性参数，并通过实验对8种材料的特性参数进行了测量。 通过改进的Johnson-Allard等效流体模型和已经测得的8种多孔吸声材料的特性参数，计算出了这8种材料的声阻抗和吸声系数，对其物理意义也进行了明确的分析.用驻波管法对8种吸声材料进行了实验研究，，实际测量了其声阻抗和吸声系数，并与数值分析结果进行了对比。 采用有限元分析和实验相结合的方法，对填充8种材料的通孔式消声器进行了研究。用Virtual Lab软件计算了8种消声器的传递损失。制作了8个消声器，安装在气动系统尾部，用传声器采集噪声信号进行频谱了分析。有限元分析和实验同时说明，填充聚酯纤维A的消声器效果最好，其次是金属纤维和玻璃纤维，棉花和岩棉并不适合于通孔式消声器。 本课题一共研究了四类最常用的材料：有机纤维类：棉花；无机纤维类：玻璃纤维；纤维制品：岩棉；高分子合成材料：聚酯纤维吸音棉；金属纤维材料：铜纤维。通过对这些材料吸声性能的研究发现，高分子合成材料最适合通孔式消声器，无机纤维材料也比较适合，但性能要差一点，金属纤维材料适合中低频时通孔式消声器的降噪，有机纤维类和纤维制品不太适合做此类消声器的吸声材料。
[Abstract]:Exhaust noise is an inevitable product of pneumatic system, which not only affects the service life and working efficiency of pneumatic equipment, but also endangers workers' physical and mental health. Therefore, it is necessary to control the noise. One of the most commonly used noise reduction methods is to install mufflers at the end of the pneumatic system. Nowadays, the muffler is a closed structure, which will not only introduce excessive pressure drop, but also block the system path after long-term use. The purpose of this study is to solve the above problems by means of a through-hole muffler. The main research object of this paper is the sound absorption material used in pneumatic through muffler. Four kinds of polyester fiber sound absorbent cotton, glass fiber, metal fiber, rock wool and cotton with different volume density were selected as the research object of this paper. According to the sound absorption mechanism of porous sound absorbing materials, the characteristic parameters related to the sound absorption properties of the materials were determined, and the characteristic parameters of 8 kinds of materials were measured by experiments. Based on the improved Johnson-Allard equivalent fluid model and the characteristic parameters of 8 kinds of porous sound absorbing materials, the acoustic impedance and sound absorption coefficient of the eight kinds of materials are calculated, and their physical meanings are also analyzed. The acoustic impedance and absorption coefficient of 8 kinds of sound absorbing materials were measured by standing wave tube method and compared with the results of numerical analysis. The through-hole muffler filled with 8 kinds of materials was studied by the method of finite element analysis and experiment. The transfer loss of eight mufflers was calculated by Virtual Lab software. Eight mufflers are made and installed at the rear of the pneumatic system. The noise signals are collected by the microphone and the frequency spectrum is analyzed. The finite element analysis and experiments also show that the silencer filled with polyester fiber A is the best, followed by metal fiber and glass fiber, cotton and rock wool are not suitable for through hole muffler. Four kinds of materials are studied in this paper: organic fiber: cotton; inorganic fiber: glass fiber; fiber product: rock wool; polymer synthetic material: polyester fiber sound absorbent cotton; metal fiber material: copper fiber. Through the study of the sound absorption properties of these materials, it is found that the polymer synthetic material is the most suitable for the through type muffler, and the inorganic fiber material is also suitable for the noise reduction, but the performance of the metal fiber material is relatively poor, and the metal fiber material is suitable for the noise reduction of the through hole muffler at the middle and low frequency. Organic fibres and fiber products are not suitable for this type of muffler sound absorption material.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB535.2
本文编号：2370080
[Abstract]:Exhaust noise is an inevitable product of pneumatic system, which not only affects the service life and working efficiency of pneumatic equipment, but also endangers workers' physical and mental health. Therefore, it is necessary to control the noise. One of the most commonly used noise reduction methods is to install mufflers at the end of the pneumatic system. Nowadays, the muffler is a closed structure, which will not only introduce excessive pressure drop, but also block the system path after long-term use. The purpose of this study is to solve the above problems by means of a through-hole muffler. The main research object of this paper is the sound absorption material used in pneumatic through muffler. Four kinds of polyester fiber sound absorbent cotton, glass fiber, metal fiber, rock wool and cotton with different volume density were selected as the research object of this paper. According to the sound absorption mechanism of porous sound absorbing materials, the characteristic parameters related to the sound absorption properties of the materials were determined, and the characteristic parameters of 8 kinds of materials were measured by experiments. Based on the improved Johnson-Allard equivalent fluid model and the characteristic parameters of 8 kinds of porous sound absorbing materials, the acoustic impedance and sound absorption coefficient of the eight kinds of materials are calculated, and their physical meanings are also analyzed. The acoustic impedance and absorption coefficient of 8 kinds of sound absorbing materials were measured by standing wave tube method and compared with the results of numerical analysis. The through-hole muffler filled with 8 kinds of materials was studied by the method of finite element analysis and experiment. The transfer loss of eight mufflers was calculated by Virtual Lab software. Eight mufflers are made and installed at the rear of the pneumatic system. The noise signals are collected by the microphone and the frequency spectrum is analyzed. The finite element analysis and experiments also show that the silencer filled with polyester fiber A is the best, followed by metal fiber and glass fiber, cotton and rock wool are not suitable for through hole muffler. Four kinds of materials are studied in this paper: organic fiber: cotton; inorganic fiber: glass fiber; fiber product: rock wool; polymer synthetic material: polyester fiber sound absorbent cotton; metal fiber material: copper fiber. Through the study of the sound absorption properties of these materials, it is found that the polymer synthetic material is the most suitable for the through type muffler, and the inorganic fiber material is also suitable for the noise reduction, but the performance of the metal fiber material is relatively poor, and the metal fiber material is suitable for the noise reduction of the through hole muffler at the middle and low frequency. Organic fibres and fiber products are not suitable for this type of muffler sound absorption material.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB535.2
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 金雪莉;曾令可;税安泽;侯来广;李萍;王慧;刘平安;张明;;地铁吸声材料中的聚丙烯纤维[J];硅酸盐学报;2006年12期
2 高玲;尚福亮;;吸声材料的研究与应用[J];化工时刊;2007年02期
本文编号：2370080
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