基于脑力负荷的混流装配产品质量与效率平衡优化研究

发布时间：2019-03-31 17:16

【摘要】：随着混流装配线复杂性的不断增加，装配过程中操作者的脑力负荷也在不断提高，导致人因失误增多，不仅极大地影响了产品的装配质量和效率，而且过高的脑力负荷还会影响操作者的身心健康。为此，有必要从操作者角度出发，研究脑力负荷对混流装配线装配质量和效率的影响，以期通过构建定量化模型来确定适合操作者工作的最佳脑力负荷水平。本文运用时间压力模型对脑力负荷进行建模，并通过分析各种因素对脑力负荷的影响，引入了操作者经验因素对上述模型进行修正。根据脑力负荷与工作绩效的关系曲线可知，过高或过低的脑力负荷都不利于工作绩效的发挥。基于此，本文在装配复杂性的基础上，考虑了脑力负荷对装配绩效的影响，运用质量管理中单位缺陷数与合格率的关系理论建立了单一工作站的产品合格率模型，并根据可靠性理论构建了串联布局下产品流通合格率与效率的平衡优化模型，以确定装配线上各个工作站的最优脑力负荷，最后通过算例对模型进行了验证。结果表明，将脑力负荷因素考虑到混流装配线优化设计中能够有效地平衡产品流通合格率和装配线效率，且提高操作者经验水平能够减轻脑力负荷对质量和效率的影响，保证高效率的同时也提高了产出质量水平。本文的研究成果能够为每一位操作者确定最优的脑力负荷水平，防止过高或过低的脑力负荷对装配线质量和效率的不良影响，同时保护了劳动者的身心健康，进一步优化了人机作业环境，有效地减少甚至避免了人因失误和安全事故的发生，具有重要的应用价值。此外，本文的研究成果也为优化设计混流装配线提供了一定的理论基础，对人因质量的深入研究同样具有重要的理论意义。
[Abstract]:With the increasing complexity of the mixed-flow assembly line, the mental load of the operator is also increasing in the assembly process, which leads to the increase of human error, which not only greatly affects the assembly quality and efficiency of the product. And too much mental load can also affect the physical and mental health of the operator. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of mental load on assembly quality and efficiency of mixed-flow assembly line from the point of view of operator, in order to establish a quantitative model to determine the optimal mental load level suitable for operator's work. In this paper, the time-pressure model is used to model the mental load, and by analyzing the influence of various factors on the mental load, the operator's experience factor is introduced to modify the above-mentioned model. According to the relationship curve between mental load and work performance, it can be seen that too high or too low mental load is not conducive to the performance of work. Based on the complexity of assembly, this paper considers the influence of mental load on assembly performance, and establishes the qualified rate model of single workstation based on the theory of the relationship between the number of defects per unit and the qualified rate in quality management. According to the reliability theory, the equilibrium optimization model of qualified rate and efficiency of product circulation under the series layout is constructed to determine the optimal mental load of every workstation on the assembly line. Finally, the model is verified by an example. The results show that considering the mental load factor in the optimization design of mixed-flow assembly line, the qualified rate of product circulation and the efficiency of assembly line can be effectively balanced, and the effect of mental load on quality and efficiency can be alleviated by improving the operator's experience level. Ensure high efficiency at the same time also improve the level of output quality. The research results of this paper can determine the optimal mental load level for each operator, prevent the adverse effects of too high or too low mental load on the quality and efficiency of assembly line, and protect the physical and mental health of workers at the same time. It further optimizes the man-machine working environment, effectively reduces and even avoids the occurrence of human errors and safety accidents, and has important application value. In addition, the research results of this paper also provide a certain theoretical basis for optimizing the design of mixed-flow assembly line, and it is also of great theoretical significance for the in-depth study of human quality.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB49;TP18

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