数字水听器设计及应用

发布时间：2019-05-22 20:09

【摘要】：声波在水介质中具有与电磁波等其它物理场相比最小的衰减系数，因而成为在水环境中进行信息采集、信息传输的重要载体。水听器是将水声信号转换为电信号的一种换能器，其在对人类研究水下的复杂环境、噪声源定位识别、水下通信导航、开发军事武器等多领域均具有重要作用。本课题以船舶噪声检测识别定位为背景，设计了一套基于嵌入式微处理器（STM32F107）的双通道数字水听器，并研究了适用于船舶的噪声源定位识别方法。论文首先设计了一套基于嵌入式微处理器的双通道数字水听器，详细地介绍了系统的硬件电路的设计和软件设计，提出了对同一模拟信号放大不同倍数后进行数字化处理的信号采集思想，以保证信号的准确采集。经过调试与验证，系统达到的主要技术指标为：采样频率为80KHz;采样精度24位；总线传输速度大于500kb/s；每个通道的存储深度为64Mbit。其次，对数字水听器的组阵方法进行了探讨性研究。应用自适应滤波的方法对水听器信号进行了滤波处理，介绍了阵列的主要性能参数，，对均匀直线阵列和均匀圆型阵列的信号模型进行了建模，并对均匀直线阵列和均匀圆型阵列进行了对比分析。最后，分析了船舶表面辐射噪声的特性。基于这个特性，分析了适用于船舶的噪声源定位方法的特性。介绍了基于均匀直线阵列的噪声源近场声聚焦定位技术，详细介绍了噪声源近场高分辨率的定位方法。详细介绍了两种定位算法的修正算法，仿真论证了修正后的算法更适用于船舶噪声的定位。
[Abstract]:Acoustic wave has the smallest attenuation coefficient compared with other physical fields such as electromagnetic wave in water medium, so it has become an important carrier for information collection and information transmission in water environment. Hydrophone is a kind of transducer which converts underwater acoustic signal into electrical signal. It plays an important role in many fields, such as the complex underwater environment, the location and identification of noise source, underwater communication and navigation, the development of military weapons and so on. Based on the background of ship noise detection and recognition, a set of dual-channel digital hydrophone based on embedded microprocessor (STM32F107) is designed in this paper, and the method of noise source location and recognition suitable for ship is studied. In this paper, a set of dual-channel digital hydrophone based on embedded microprocessor is designed, and the hardware circuit design and software design of the system are introduced in detail. The idea of digital signal acquisition after amplifying different multiples of the same analog signal is put forward in order to ensure the accurate acquisition of the signal. After debugging and verification, the main technical specifications achieved by the system are as follows: sampling frequency is 80KHz, sampling accuracy is 24 bits, bus transmission speed is more than 500kb / s, and storage depth of each channel is 64Mbit. Secondly, the array method of digital hydrophone is studied. The adaptive filtering method is used to filter the hydrophone signal, the main performance parameters of the array are introduced, and the signal models of uniform linear array and uniform circular array are modeled. The uniform linear array and uniform circular array are compared and analyzed. Finally, the characteristics of ship surface radiation noise are analyzed. Based on this characteristic, the characteristics of noise source location method suitable for ships are analyzed. The near-field acoustic focusing positioning technology of noise source based on uniform linear array is introduced, and the positioning method of near-field high resolution of noise source is introduced in detail. The modified algorithms of the two positioning algorithms are introduced in detail, and the simulation results show that the modified algorithm is more suitable for the positioning of ship noise.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB565.1

【共引文献】