需求服从自由分布的两阶段供应链订货策略

发布时间：2018-01-25 20:40

本文关键词： 服务水平延迟交货提前期库存策略自由分布　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报》2017年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在企业的管理实践中,库存是一把双刃剑.库存过少会造成服务水平下降,缺货所带来的机会成本就会增加,为了维持较高的服务水平,企业会提高库存持有率,但库存过多就会增加库存费用,提高成本,使企业利润降低.因此,研究服务水平约束和缺货成本之间的关系是很有必要的.本文主要研究了在可变提前期和部分允许延迟交货情形下零售商库存决策问题,在分析服务水平约束基础上建立需求服从自由分布情形下的库存决策模型,并采用了Minmax方法来求最优订货量.最后,分析了不同需求分布和库存模型下最优解的差异,并对服务水平和安全系数进行了敏感度分析.通过分析可知在进行库存决策时将服务水平和缺货成本同时考虑,可以让企业清楚的知道每提高1%的服务水平所付出的成本,如果零售商只单独考虑服务水平或者缺货成本,零售商就无法知道自己损失的掉的成本或者服务水平是多少,因此,必须将成本和服务水平同时考虑,找到二者的最佳结合点,才能使企业在竞争中灵活地调整策略,来争取竞争优势.
[Abstract]:In the enterprise management practice, inventory is a double-edged sword. Too little inventory will lead to the decline of service level, and the opportunity cost brought by shortage will increase, in order to maintain a higher service level. Enterprises will increase inventory holding ratio, but excessive inventory will increase inventory costs, increase costs, and reduce the profits of enterprises. It is necessary to study the relationship between service level constraint and out-of-stock cost. This paper mainly studies the retailer inventory decision problem in the case of variable lead time and partially allowing delayed delivery. Based on the analysis of the service level constraints, the inventory decision model of the demand service is established under the condition of free distribution, and the Minmax method is adopted to obtain the optimal order quantity. Finally. The difference of optimal solution under different demand distribution and inventory model is analyzed. By analyzing the sensitivity of service level and safety factor, we can know that service level and shortage cost should be considered simultaneously when making inventory decision. You can give a firm a clear idea of the cost of raising the service level by 1%, if the retailer only considers the service level or the cost of a stock shortage. Retailers can not know their lost cost or service level is how much, so we must consider the cost and service level at the same time, to find the best combination of the two points. Only then can the enterprise adjust its strategy flexibly in the competition to strive for the competitive advantage.
【作者单位】：北京农学院经管学院;北京新农村建设研究基地;北京航空航天大学经管学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(71471006) 大北农青年教师科研基金项目(15SK002)
【分类号】：F274
【正文快照】： 随着竞争的加剧,企业决策者面临的情形更复杂,比如当缺货发生,并不是所有的顾客都会缺失,会有一部分顾客允许延期交货.在现实中,当缺货发生时,许多因素会影响顾客允许延迟交货的意愿.比如顾客的喜好、耐心程度、折扣条件和商品可替代程度;换言之,允许延迟交货的概率会随着这些

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