三个谈判问题的理论分析

发布时间：2018-03-19 11:12

本文选题：谈判解　切入点：公平的代价　出处：《清华大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：谈判问题及其解的效率的研究是博弈论领域研究的热点之一,并且在实际的管理问题中,谈判理论也有非常多的应用。谈判理论要回答的一个主要问题就是,当多个参与者联合起来做决策时,每个参与者的收益应当是多少。公平性是所有参与者在谈判中最主要关心的问题之一,因此一个合理的谈判结果必须满足一些公平的原则。正是由于公平因素的考虑,谈判结果一般都会造成系统效率的损失(公平的代价),因此对系统损失进行量化的分析是一个很重要的研究方向。本文首次给出了EPM谈判解(extended Perles-Maschler solution)系统效率的渐近紧下界。在谈判中参与者有可能拥有不被其他参与者知晓的非对称信息(也即私有信息)。举个简单的例子,供应链下游的零售商更加接近市场,因此对需求有更多的认识;而上游的生产商则只能对需求进行大致的估计。在现有的文献里,私有信息的先验分布是用一个有限的集合上的分布来刻画的。然而在现实生活中,参与者所拥有的私有信息可以非常的复杂。因此本文把谈判解推广到了更一般的谈判问题,即私有信息的先验分布可以是更广泛的一类集合上的分布,并且在一定的条件下给出了谈判解存在唯一性的证明。谈判理论在供应链管理问题中的应用十分广泛,但是绝大多数的文献都只在两级供应链中讨论谈判的影响,很少涉及到多级供应链。因此本文在多级供应链中着重讨论谈判对整个供应链以及所有参与者的影响,并得到了以下结论。(1)上下游之间的谈判行为会使得供应链整体的效率提高。(2)所有参与者都有可能通过谈判来获得更多的收益,本文刻画了其充分必要条件。(3)前人的研究结论表明,如果批发价合同由上游单独确定,则供应链的效率将随着链长的增加而收敛到0%;而本文通过研究发现,如果上下游通过谈判来确定的批发价合同,则供应链的效率有可能随着链长增加而收敛到100%.本文的主要创新如下:(1)分析了EPM谈判解的效率;(2)将含有私有信息的谈判解进行了推广;(3)讨论了谈判行为对多级供应链的影响。
[Abstract]:The research on the efficiency of negotiation and its solution is one of the hotspots in the field of game theory, and in practical management problems, negotiation theory also has a lot of applications. When multiple participants come together to make decisions, what should be the benefits for each participant? fairness is one of the main concerns of all participants in the negotiations. Therefore, a reasonable negotiation result must satisfy some principles of fairness. The result of negotiation usually results in the loss of system efficiency (the cost of fairness is high), so the quantitative analysis of system loss is a very important research direction. In this paper, we present for the first time the gradual process of EPM negotiation solution to extended Perles-Maschler solution. Close to lower bounds. Participants in negotiations may have asymmetric information (private information) that is not known to other participants. For example, Retailers downstream of the supply chain are closer to the market, so they have a better understanding of demand, while upstream producers can only make a rough estimate of demand. The prior distribution of private information is characterized by the distribution on a finite set. However, in real life, the private information possessed by participants can be very complicated. That is, the prior distribution of private information can be a more extensive distribution on a class of sets, and the existence and uniqueness of the bargaining solution are proved under certain conditions. The negotiation theory is widely used in the supply chain management problem. However, most of the literatures only discuss the influence of negotiation in the two-level supply chain, and rarely deal with the multi-level supply chain. Therefore, this paper focuses on the impact of negotiation on the whole supply chain and all the participants in the multi-level supply chain. And get the following conclusion: 1) negotiation behavior between upstream and downstream will increase the efficiency of the supply chain as a whole. This paper describes its sufficient and necessary condition. 3) the previous research results show that if the wholesale price contract is determined by the upstream alone, the efficiency of the supply chain will converge to 0 with the increase of chain length. If a wholesale price contract is negotiated between upstream and downstream, Then the efficiency of supply chain may converge to 100 with the increase of chain length. The main innovation of this paper is as follows: 1) the efficiency of EPM negotiation solution is analyzed. (3) the influence of negotiation behavior on multistage supply chain is discussed.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：O225

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