我国生鲜农产品有效供给保障研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 01:49

  本文选题：有效供给　切入点：生鲜农产品　出处：《江苏大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：我国是生鲜农产品生产和消费大国,但由于完全竞争环境下生鲜农产品生产者众多、参与主体规模小、市场发育不完善等诸多原因,我国的生鲜农产品在供给过程中问题频现,主要表现为生鲜农产品“卖难买难”共存、质量问题频现及物流效率低下等。虽然近年来政府和社会对生鲜农产品的供给问题给予了高度重视,并出台了一系列优惠保障扶持政策,我国的生鲜农产品供给问题依然没有得到有效遏制。在加快农业现代化、实现全面小康社会建设的目标指导下,如何保障生鲜农产品有效供给已经发展成为制约我国农业发展、广大人民生活水平提高、甚至社会和谐稳定的亟待解决的大事。鉴于此,本文从造成我国生鲜农产品供给问题的根源出发,整合产品供求理论、蛛网理论、供应链管理及商品流通等相关理论,在国家自然科学基金主任基金“果蔬类农产品有效供给机制研究(71340024)”、国家自然科学基金面上项目“低碳经济视角下现代农村物流体系构建与调控研究(71473213)”和江苏省研究生创新基金“生鲜农产品安全供给对策研究(KYZZ_0284)”的资助下,应用博弈论建模、神经网络预测和非线性规划等方法对我国的生鲜农产品有效供给问题进行了系统深入的研究,主要研究工作和结论如下:(1)在大量资料调查和访谈的基础上,从供给数量、供给质量和物流过程三个维度研究了我国生鲜农产品供给现状及影响有效供给的主要因素,明确了我国生鲜农产品供给中的关键问题及产生这些问题的主要原因。研究表明,生鲜农产品供需不对称问题反复、生鲜食品质量安全事件频发和生鲜物流环节多损耗大是当前制约我国生鲜农产品有效供给的关键问题。(2)针对我国生鲜农产品供需不对称难题,首先以蔬菜为例建立了我国生鲜农产品需求预测的四层神经网络模型,从整体上保障我国生鲜农产品的供给数量均衡;然后结合生鲜农产品产出不确定的特点,根据我国生鲜供应链发展实践,分别对强弱利益约束下的农户生鲜农产品供给量决策行为进行了分析,并从生产补贴视角研究了政府补贴对农户生鲜农产品供给数量决策行为的影响。结果表明,造成我国生鲜农产品“卖难买难”价格异常波动的根源是供需不对称,即供不应求或供过于求,因此保障生鲜农产品供给数量均衡的首要方法是确保供给与需求匹配。当产出不确定时农户(生鲜生产商)和生鲜经营商之间缔结强利益连接关系更有利于农户朝着经营商希望的供给量方向努力。农业补贴政策对保护农业生产者的利益具有一定作用,且系数补贴法更能影响生产者的供给量决策行为。(3)基于微观主体行为分析,从农产品供应链一体化视角分别研究了政府干预和市场机制下的生鲜供应链参与主体供给质量决策行为,并以菜管家为例对其生鲜供应链一体化实践进行了案例研究。研究结果表明,实施供应链一体化有利于提高生鲜农产品供给质量水平。一体化生鲜供应链中参与主体之间信息高度共享、目标高度协同且产品全程可追溯,能够有效遏制农户以次充好提供劣质不合格品的概率。此外,研究发现,在生鲜农产品供应链一体化情形下核心经营企业的质量监管行为与传统模式相比存在一定的“经验背反”现象,即当政府对生鲜供给质量的监管强度增大时,以个人效用最大化为目标,生鲜供应链核心企业可减少对农户的产品质量检测行为,这与传统经验正好相反。(4)通过对“农户—生鲜经营商—消费者”三级供应链中生鲜农产品物流过程的抽象刻画,建立了既考虑数量损耗又考虑质量衰减控制的生鲜农产品物流过程优化模型,并以X公司的冷鲜肉物流过程数据为代表进行了实例分析。研究结果表明,当既考虑生鲜数量损耗又考虑质量衰减控制时,虽然总能耗和损耗成本有所增加,但生鲜农产品的供给质量更有保证。这为生鲜农产品冷链物流过程中各物流单元的时间温度控制提供了可供参考的科学依据。(5)根据上述研究结果,分别从合理调控生鲜农产品市场、保障供需平衡,推进供应链一体化、确保生鲜农产品供给质量,缩短生鲜物流渠道、优化生鲜物流过程以及建立健全生鲜农产品有效供给保障配套设施等视角提出了保障我国生鲜农产品有效供给的对策建议。
[Abstract]:China is a big country of production and consumption of fresh agricultural products, but because of the fresh agricultural products producers complete competition under the environment of many participants in the small scale, many reasons of market development is not perfect, are frequent problems in the supply process of fresh agricultural products, mainly for the fresh agricultural products difficult to sell difficult to buy "coexist, quality frequency and logistics efficiency is low. In recent years, the government and society have paid much attention to the supply of fresh agricultural products, and introduced a series of preferential policies to support security, fresh agricultural products supply in China still has not been effectively curbed. In accelerating agricultural modernization, realize the goal of building a comprehensive well-off society under the and how to ensure the effective supply of fresh agricultural products has become restricting China's agricultural development, improve the living standards of the people, even the social harmony and stability to solve large Things. In view of this, starting from the root cause the supply of fresh agricultural products in our country, the integration of product supply and demand theory, the cobweb theory, supply chain management and commodity circulation and other related theories, in the National Natural Science Foundation Director fund "the effective supply mechanism of fruit and vegetable product Research (71340024)," Research on the construction of modern rural logistics the system from the perspective of low carbon economy and regulation of the National Natural Science Foundation Project "(71473213) and Jiangsu province graduate innovation fund" Research on Countermeasures for security supply of fresh agricultural products (KYZZ_0284) which is sponsored by the application of game theory modeling, made a systematic and thorough study of the effective supply of fresh agricultural products in China neural network prediction and nonlinear programming method, the main research work and conclusions are as follows: (1) based on a large number of survey and interview data, from the quantity, quality and supply logistics process three Study on the dimensions of the condition and influence of the fresh agricultural products supply in China's main factors of effective supply, the key problems of fresh agricultural products supply in China and the main causes of these problems. The results show that the asymmetry of supply and demand repeated fresh agricultural products, fresh food quality and safety incidents frequent loss of fresh logistics links is the key problems in the effective supply of fresh agricultural products in China. (2) for fresh agricultural products in China supply and demand asymmetry problem, first with vegetables as an example to establish four layers of God of our agricultural products demand forecast by network model, the overall security of fresh agricultural products in China and then combined with the balanced supply quantity; the characteristics of fresh agricultural products output uncertainty, according to our fresh supply chain development practice, respectively on the strength under the constraint of farmers interests of fresh agricultural products supply decision behavior Analysis and study the impact of government subsidies to farmers of fresh agricultural products supply decision-making behavior from the perspective of subsidy production. The results showed that the root cause of the fresh agricultural products in China is difficult to sell difficult to buy "abnormal price fluctuations in supply and demand is asymmetric, that is in short supply or the primary method of pile up in excess of requirement, fresh agricultural products supply is balanced to ensure the supply and demand matching. When the output uncertainty when farmers (fresh producers) and fresh operators supply direction connection is more conducive to the interests of a strong farmers towards operators hope the effort. The interests of agricultural subsidy policy on the protection of agricultural producers has certain effect, and the coefficient of subsidy law could affect the producer's supply decision. (3) based on the analysis of the behavior, from the perspective of agricultural products supply chain integration are studied under the market mechanism and government intervention Fresh food supply chain in the main supply of quality decision behavior, and the food steward case study is carried out on the fresh supply chain integration practice. The results show that the implementation of supply chain integration is conducive to improve the quality level of the supply of fresh agricultural products. In the high degree of information sharing between the subjects of the integration of fresh supply chain, and collaborative products throughout the target height can be traced back to the probability of farmers effectively curb substandard goods shoddy bad. In addition, the study found that the quality of supervision in the core business of fresh agricultural products supply chain integration under tube behavior compared with the traditional model of certain "experience back" phenomenon, that is when the government increases the strength of regulation to the fresh quality of supply and to the individual utility maximization as the goal, the core enterprise of fresh supply chain can reduce the product quality inspection on Farmers' behavior, and the traditional experience On the contrary. (4) the abstract description of the "fresh three level supply chain operators and consumers - fresh farmers in agricultural products logistics process, is established to consider the amount of loss and consider the optimization model of fresh agricultural product logistics process quality control and attenuation, cold meat logistics process data of X company as the representative of the example analysis. The results show that when both the number and quality of fresh loss considering attenuation control, although the total energy consumption and loss cost increases, but the supply of fresh agricultural products more quality assurance. This provides scientific reference for the logistics unit of fresh agricultural products cold chain logistics in the process of time temperature control. (5) according to the results of the study were from the reasonable regulation of fresh agricultural products market, guarantee the balance of supply and demand, promote the integration of the supply chain, to ensure the supply of fresh agricultural product quality, shorten the fresh From the perspective of logistics channels, optimizing the fresh logistics process, establishing and improving the effective supply of fresh agricultural products, and supporting facilities, we put forward countermeasures and suggestions to guarantee the effective supply of fresh agricultural products in China.

【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F326.6
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本文编号：1665802