竞争环境下闭环供应链的定价、协调与网络均衡决策研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 04:20

本文选题：闭环供应链　切入点：再制造　出处：《武汉纺织大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，环境污染与资源短缺问题在全球经济的快速发展下表现的更为突出，如何实现经济、社会和环境的协调发展成为了一个世界性的课题。闭环供应链在循环经济的理论范式下，将废旧产品的逆向回收纳入到企业的战略经营决策体系下，，从而在传统供应链管理模式的基础上形成了一条“资源-生产-消费-再生资源”的闭环式链条，具有反馈性、增值性的显著特征。然而，由于产品的回收在时间、数量和质量上的高度不确定性使得对闭环供应链相关问题的研究要复杂许多。此外，供应链链内外的竞争和合作机制对企业的最优决策具有直接的影响，而在考虑供应链成员竞争和渠道竞争的环境下研究闭环供应链的相关决策问题正逐渐成为当前管理界的研究热点。本文从竞争的视角出发，依据决策优化理论、博弈论、协调理论和均衡理论等方法，综合考虑消费者偏好、再制造成本节约、供应链渠道结构、决策成员风险偏好行为以及博弈结构等对企业最优决策的影响，研究了再制造闭环供应链的定价决策、协调机制和网络均衡问题。主要研究内容如下： 1.建立了包含竞争型的制造商和再制造商构成的再制造系统的生产及定价联合决策模型。对再制造数量决策受约束与不受约束两种情形下再制造系统的最优生产及定价策略进行了对比，并进一步分析了制造商的产品设计策略、消费者对再制造品的偏好及再制造品的单位成本节约等关键参数对均衡价格、产量、系统成员利润和再制造商进入决策的影响。 2.建立了包含竞争型的制造商和单一零售商构成的再制造闭环供应链的利润共享协调机制。运用博弈论分别构建了集中决策与分散决策模型并用逆向归纳法进行求解，分析了再制造成本节约对均衡价格、产量、系统成员利润及系统总利润的影响。最后，通过设计了一个改进的“通道费”契约实现分散化闭环供应链的协调运作。 3.建立了由传统销售渠道和电子销售渠道共同构成的竞争型双渠道闭环供应链的博弈分析模型，对比了集中决策与分散决策下制造商Stackelberg博弈、零售商Stackelberg博弈、Nash均衡博弈三种不同渠道权力结构下的闭环供应链模型的均衡价格、产量、渠道成员利润及系统成员总利润。最后，探讨了分散化决策下制造商领导的Stackelberg博弈情形的双渠道闭环供应链协调机制的建立问题，通过将一种简单的批发价格契约和两部收费制契约相结合，实现了分散化闭环供应链的完美协调。 4.在随机需求且假设零售商具有风险规避的特征的条件下建立了多个相互竞争的供应商、制造商及零售商构成的再制造闭环供应链网络均衡模型，分别得到了各层级及整个闭环供应链网络实现均衡的条件并建立了相关的变分不等式模型。运用拟牛顿算法对变分模型进行求解，得到了不同决策层级的均衡价格、产量，并进一步分析了随机再制造率、零售商的风险规避程度及回收率的变动对供应链均衡的影响。
[Abstract]:In recent years , the problem of environmental pollution and resource shortage has become more prominent in the rapid development of global economy , and how to realize the coordinated development of economy , society and environment has become a worldwide topic .

From the perspective of competition , according to the methods of decision optimization theory , game theory , coordination theory and equilibrium theory , the influence of consumer preference , manufacturing cost saving , supply chain channel structure , decision - making member risk preference behavior and game structure on the optimal decision - making of enterprises are comprehensively considered , and the pricing decision - making , coordination mechanism and network equilibrium problem of re - manufacturing closed - loop supply chain are studied .

1 . A joint decision - making model for the production and pricing of remanufacturing system composed of competing manufacturers and remanufacturers is established . The optimal production and pricing strategies of the re - manufacturing system are compared with the optimal production and pricing strategies of the re - manufacturing system under the condition of constrained and unconstrained remanufacture , and the influence of the manufacturer ' s product design strategy , the consumer ' s preference on remanufacture and the unit cost saving of the remanufacturer are further analyzed .

2 . The profit sharing coordination mechanism of the closed - loop supply chain composed of competition - type manufacturers and single retailers is established . The centralized decision - making and decentralized decision - making models are respectively constructed and solved by using the game theory , and the effects of the re - manufacturing cost saving on the equilibrium price , output , system member profit and total profit of the system are analyzed . Finally , the coordinated operation of the decentralized closed - loop supply chain is realized by designing an improved " channel fee " contract .

3 . A game model of competitive double - channel closed - loop supply chain composed of traditional sales channel and electronic sale channel is established , and the equilibrium price , output , channel member profit and total profit of the closed - loop supply chain model under three different channel power structures are compared .

4 . Under the condition of random demand and assuming that the retailer has the characteristics of risk avoidance , a multi - competing supplier , manufacturer and retailer is established to build a closed - loop supply chain network equilibrium model . The equilibrium conditions of each level and the whole closed - loop supply chain network are obtained , and the related variational inequality model is established . By using the quasi - Newton algorithm to solve the variational model , the equilibrium price and output of different decision - level levels are obtained , and the influence of the stochastic remanufacture rate , the risk avoidance degree of the retailer and the variation of the recovery rate on the supply chain equilibrium is further analyzed .

【学位授予单位】：武汉纺织大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F274;F224

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