基于附加值贸易的中美贸易差额及发展策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 20:48

本文选题：中美贸易 + 附加值贸易　；参考：《哈尔滨商业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在国际分工日益细化的今天,一件最终消费品想要完成整个生产和流通过程,往往需要多个经济体的参与和合作,也自然会涉及到生产、加工和贸易等多个环节。具体而言,最终产品想要到达目的国,要以中间产品的形式历经供应链上多个国家,这些国家对其进口、加工、再出口,在整个过程中融入了不同的要素积累。在这种分工体系下,传统贸易统计体系不合理之处在于每个环节都有附加价值的形成,却把最终消费品的所有价值增值都归于价值链上的最终国家,这种统计显然会影响贸易分析的准确性。近几年兴起的附加值贸易统计以单个商品在全球生产链上不同经济体产生的附加值为基础进行贸易统计,可以有效弥补传统贸易统计的不足,客观反映贸易规模与真实获利的差异,避免因贸易差额的过分夸大而产生双边和多边贸易摩擦。近年来,中国一直是美国贸易逆差的第一大来源国,中美贸易争端主要源于美国认为中国对美国存在巨大的贸易顺差,影响了中美贸易的平衡、稳定发展。研究附加值视角下的中美贸易差额及发展策略可以有效地证实美国对中美贸易顺差的过分高估,客观地反映两国的贸易差额;有利于改善中国的国际分工地位并提高中国对美国出口获利能力;同时,中美两国作为全球最大的贸易国,利用附加值贸易还原真实的双边贸易格局对于促进两国的经贸发展具有战略意义。论文以附加值贸易相关理论为基础,从贸易规模、商品结构和贸易方式三个方面分析中美贸易现状;利用中美国家间投入产出模型,分析中美贸易额在附加值贸易体系下的统计结果,并与传统贸易统计下中美贸易额进行比较;总结附加值贸易视角下中美贸易差额减少的原因;从国家和企业两个层面提出附加值贸易视角下中美贸易发展的策略。附加值贸易体系下中美贸易差额减少的原因主要有避免中间产品的重复计算,考虑到加工贸易,从价值增值来源的角度确定出口额,考虑了 FDI对中美贸易顺差的高估等方面。着眼于附加值贸易视角下的中美贸易格局,我国应着力提高国际分工地位,优化出口行业构成,推动产业升级,大力发展服务贸易;我国企业应力争提升产品附加值的技术含量,高度关注中间产品贸易,增强自我配套能力并积极培育自主品牌。
[Abstract]:Today, when the international division of labor is becoming more and more detailed, the participation and cooperation of many economies are often required to complete the whole production and circulation process of a final consumer goods, which naturally involve many links such as production, processing and trade.Specifically, the final product wants to reach the destination country, must go through the supply chain in the form of intermediate products, these countries import, process, re-export, in the whole process of integration of different elements accumulation.In this system of division of labor, the unreasonableness of the traditional trade statistics system lies in the formation of added value in each link, but the value added of the final consumer goods is attributed to the final country on the value chain.Such statistics clearly affect the accuracy of trade analysis.The value added trade statistics that have emerged in recent years, based on the value added generated by individual commodities in different economies in the global production chain, can effectively compensate for the shortcomings of traditional trade statistics.It objectively reflects the difference between trade scale and real profit and avoids bilateral and multilateral trade frictions caused by excessive exaggeration of trade balance.In recent years, China has been the largest source of trade deficit of the United States. The main reason for Sino-US trade disputes is that the United States believes that China has a huge trade surplus with the United States, which affects the balance and stable development of Sino-US trade.The study of the Sino-American trade balance and its development strategies from the perspective of added value can effectively prove that the United States overestimates the Sino-US trade surplus and objectively reflects the trade balance between the two countries.It is conducive to improving China's position in the international division of labor and increasing the profitability of China's exports to the United States. At the same time, China and the United States are the largest trading countries in the world.Using added-value trade to restore true bilateral trade pattern is of strategic significance to promote the development of economy and trade between the two countries.Based on the theory of value-added trade, this paper analyzes the current situation of Sino-US trade from three aspects: trade scale, commodity structure and trade mode, and makes use of the input-output model between China and the United States.This paper analyzes the statistical results of Sino-US trade volume under the system of value-added trade, and compares it with the traditional trade statistics, and summarizes the reasons for the decrease of Sino-US trade balance from the perspective of value-added trade.The development strategy of Sino-American trade under the perspective of value-added trade is put forward from the two levels of state and enterprise.The main reasons for the reduction of Sino-American trade balance under the value added trade system are to avoid the double calculation of intermediate products, to consider the processing trade, to determine the export value from the source of value added value, and to consider the overestimation of the trade surplus between China and the United States by FDI.Focusing on the Sino-American trade pattern from the perspective of value-added trade, China should focus on improving the position of international division of labor, optimizing the composition of export industries, promoting industrial upgrading, and vigorously developing trade in services.Chinese enterprises should strive to promote the technical content of added value of products, pay close attention to the trade of intermediate products, strengthen their self-supporting ability and actively cultivate their own brands.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.7

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