RFID环境下考虑碳约束的供应链企业生产决策研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 03:18

本文选题：RFID技术 + 碳约束　；参考：《安徽工程大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代化工业进程加快和科技快速发展,加快了人们对自然资源攫取和消耗速度,使不可再生资源日益减少。同时排放出大量废弃物,导致温室效应、雾霾等一系列环境问题,威胁着人类生存与发展。二氧化碳(CO2)作为温室气体主体,其减排重要性和紧迫性已得到全球范围内普遍共识和高度关注。经过国际社会共同努力,目前已形成一系列具有法律约束力的碳约束措施来减缓环境压力。这些措施主要包括政府相关部门制定的一系列减排制度、财政补贴、鼓励企业自愿减排、制定减排任务强制企业减排等。如《京都议定书》催生出包括限额与交易机制在内的一系列政府减排政策,并且限额与交易机制以其良好社会经济性和双重特性受到重视和广泛使用,对降低企业碳排放起到显著效果,成为众多碳约束政策的典型。供应链作为多个碳约束对象联合的一种形式,对其进行碳排放管制能够取得比单个企业更加经济和显著的效果。限额与交易机制必然会对供应链企业生产决策产生影响。探讨限额与交易机制如何对供应链企业生产决策产生影响是本文研究的一个重点。产品由供应链从最初原材料经生产、运输、存储、上架销售等众多工序直至最终消费者,在排放出大量碳排放的同时也存在着一定的产品错放现象,且该部分产品在销售期内不能正常售出。不仅给供应链企业带来不必要的损失,而且占用供应链碳排放权,所以有必要采取措施以降低或完全消除产品错放现象。随着现代科技不断发展,RFID技术的兴起和广泛应用为供应链企业降低或消除产品错放现象提供有力的技术支撑。然而RFID技术的应用必然增加供应链运作成本,对供应链企业生产决策产生重要影响。探讨RFID技术对供应链企业生产决策的影响以及揭示RFID技术降低供应链企业碳排放的运行机制是本文研究的又一重点。为此,本文在对文献进行梳理和分析基础上,围绕上述问题,主要从以下三个方面深入展开研究:(1)碳约束政策对供应链企业生产决策的影响。考虑由供应商和制造商构成的两级供应链结构,研究限额与交易机制下供应链企业最优生产决策问题。在限额与交易机制下,运用Stackelberg博弈理论,以供应商为主导者,分别得出在分散决策和集中决策时各自以自身收益最大化为目标的最优生产决策。通过对无碳排放约束和限额与交易机制的比较,说明限额与交易机制能够在一定范围内起到减少碳排放的作用,并通过算例验证了结论的正确性。(2)RFID技术对供应链企业生产决策的影响。针对由单制造商和单零售商组成的双渠道供应链,分析RFID技术对供应链双方生产决策的影响。分别针对双方都不投资、零售商或制造商一方投资和双方联合投资RFID技术四种情形,研究RFID技术对双渠道供应链投资收益影响,以及双方联合投资情形下的双渠道供应链协调问题。研究表明:双方产品错放率提高使得对方产品销量增加而自身销量降低;当单个RIFD标签成本在一定阈值内时,零售商单独投资RFID技术使得制造商收益也增加,然而制造商单独投资RFID技术却带来零售商收益降低;当供应链双方联合投资RFID技术时,协调机制下双方的收益都优于各自单独投资RFID技术时的收益。(3)限额与交易机制和RFID技术同时对供应链企业生产决策的影响。以单制造商和单零售商组成的二级供应链为研究对象,同时受到限额与交易机制的约束和存在产品错放现象,探讨限额与交易机制和RFID技术对供应链双方生产决策的影响。分别对制造商是否投资研发低碳技术和零售商是否投资RFID技术四种情形下双方最优生产决策进行探讨,得出各种约束条件下双方的最优生产决策。对四种情形下最优解析式进行分析,得出产品错放现象使制造商和零售商的利润都降低,但在一定程度上促使制造商增加对低碳技术投资研发力度;当单位碳交易价格低于一定阈值时,其增长也能够促进碳排放降低量的增加;但是当单位碳交易价格高于该阈值时,制造商将不会进行生产活动,而是售出所有碳排放权;制造商投资低碳技术和零售商投资RFID技术都使供应链双方利润增加。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern industrial process and rapid development of science and technology, the speed of people's grabbing and consumption of natural resources has been accelerated, and the non renewable resources have been reduced. At the same time, a large number of wastes are discharged, which lead to a series of environmental problems, such as the greenhouse effect and haze, which threaten the survival and development of human beings. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main body of greenhouse gases. The importance and urgency of reducing emissions have gained universal consensus and high concern around the world. After the joint efforts of the international community, a series of legally binding carbon constraints have been formed to mitigate environmental pressure. These measures include a series of emission reduction systems, financial subsidies and voluntary incentives by government related departments. For example, the Kyoto protocol has produced a series of government emission reduction policies including quota and transaction mechanism, and the quota and transaction mechanism is valued and widely used for its good social economy and dual characteristics. It has played a significant role in reducing the carbon emissions of enterprises and has become a large number of carbon contracts. The supply chain is a combination of multiple carbon constrained objects. The carbon emission control can achieve more economic and significant effect than a single enterprise. The quota and transaction mechanism will inevitably affect the production decision of the supply chain enterprises. The product is a key point in this study. The product is from the original raw materials through the production, transportation, storage, shelf sales and many other processes until the final consumer, and there is a certain product misplacement at the same time that a large amount of carbon emissions are discharged, and this part of the product can not be sold normally during the sales period. Not only is the supply chain available to the supply chain, but also the supply chain is not sold to the supply chain. Enterprises bring unnecessary losses and occupy the carbon emission rights of supply chain, so it is necessary to take measures to reduce or completely eliminate product misplacement. With the continuous development of modern technology, the rise and wide application of RFID technology provide strong technical support for supply chain enterprises to reduce or eliminate product misplacement. However, RFID Technology The application of the application will increase the operating cost of the supply chain, which has an important impact on the production decision of the supply chain enterprises. To discuss the influence of RFID technology on the production decision of the supply chain enterprises and to reveal that RFID technology reduces the operating mechanism of the carbon emission of the supply chain enterprises is another key point of this study. Focusing on the above problems, the research is carried out from the following three aspects: (1) the effect of carbon binding policy on the production decision of supply chain enterprises. Considering the two level supply chain structure composed of suppliers and manufacturers, the problem of optimal production decision under the quota and transaction mechanism is studied. Under the quota and transaction mechanism, the Stackelberg is used. The game theory, with the supplier as the main guide, obtains the optimal production decision with the goal of maximizing its own income in the decentralized and centralized decision-making. By comparing the carbon free emission constraints and the quota and transaction mechanism, it shows that the quota and transaction mechanism can reduce carbon emissions in a certain range and through calculation. The example validates the correctness of the conclusion. (2) the effect of RFID technology on the production decision of supply chain enterprises. In view of the dual channel supply chain composed of single manufacturer and single retailer, the influence of RFID technology on the production decision of both sides of the supply chain is analyzed. The investment of both parties and manufacturers and the joint investment of RFID technology by both sides of the retailer or manufacturer are not invested by both parties. The four case studies the impact of RFID technology on the investment income of dual channel supply chain and the dual channel supply chain coordination problem in the case of joint investment. The study shows that the increase of the product misplay rate makes the sales of the other products increase and their sales decrease. When the cost of a single RIFD tag is within a certain threshold, the retailer invested the RFI alone. D technology makes the manufacturer's income increase, but the manufacturer's individual investment in RFID technology brings the retailer's income lower. When the two sides of the supply chain jointly invest the RFID technology, the revenue of both sides is better than the income of the individual investment in the RFID technology. (3) the quota and the exchange mechanism and the RFID technology are produced simultaneously to the supply chain enterprise. The impact of decision making. Based on the two level supply chain composed of single and single retailer, it is subject to the restriction of the quota and transaction mechanism and the existence of product misplacement. The influence of the quota and transaction mechanism and the RFID technology on the production decision of the two sides of the supply chain is discussed. The optimal production decision of both sides is discussed under the four cases of RFID technology, and the optimal production decision under the conditions of various constraints is obtained. The optimal analytical formula under the four circumstances is analyzed, and the result of the product misplacement can reduce the profit of the manufacturer and the retailer, but at a certain degree the manufacturer will increase the low carbon technology investment. When the unit carbon trading price is lower than a certain threshold, its growth can also promote the increase of carbon emissions. But when the unit carbon trading price is higher than that, the manufacturer will not carry out the production activity, but sell all carbon emission rights; the manufacturers invest in low carbon technology and the retailer investment RFID technology all make supply. The profits of both sides of the chain have increased.

【学位授予单位】：安徽工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F274

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