订单农业模式下的农产品供应链协调研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 18:50

  本文选题：订单农业 + 供应链　； 参考：《昆明理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以订单农业为研究背景,在总结前人的研究基础之上,利用契约理论、博弈论基础,将订单农业视为一个特殊供应链系统进行研究分析。从影响订单农业稳定性的价格波动与供需风险角度出发,建立了相应的契约价格收购机制以及供需风险分担机制。旨在保护农户利益,规避农户违约的同时,利用风险分担机制来提高订单农业供应链的稳定性以及效率水平。本文首先以“公司+农户”型订单农业为研究对象,将公司与农户分别视为经典供应链模型中的零售商与供应商,构建了订单农业的供应链基本模型。在考虑批发价格存在波动风险的情况下,分别构建了收购价格不变的固定批发价格契约机制以及“随行就市,保底收购”的保底价格契约机制。并对两种不同的契约价格收购机制下订单双方的决策行为、利润水平等指标变化状况进行了比较。研究发现,仅从订单价格角度进行供应链契约设计并不能对农户的生产积极性产生影响。另外还发现,农户的谈判实力越强,公司实施保底收购契约的意愿也就越高,整个供应链利润水平也会得以提高。因此“农户”向“农协”转变是提高农户议价实力,促使订单农业健康发展的重要途径。其次,本文进一步对实施“随行就市,保底收购”契约的供应链模型进行分析,建立了集中式决策下的订单农业供应链模型。在无风险共担机制时,分散决策模式下农户的最优农资投入水平小于集中决策模式下供应链整体的最优水平,即存在双边际效应。而此时供应链的总利润小于集中式下的供应链总体利润水平。因此设计风险共担机制来提高农户的农资投入水平,以期实现订单农业供应链协调。最后,从产出风险共担与需求风险共担角度出发,建立了两种风险共担机制模型。通过模型解析与算例分析证明：在实施保底收购契约的前提下,公司对农户实施产出风险共担可以提高农户的农资投入水平,同时增加自身的利润收入。但其改善程度有限,无法实现供应链的协调。而农户对公司实施需求风险共担时,通过调节风险共担因子,农户的农资投入水平可以达到集中式供应链的最优农资投入水平,从而实现订单农业供应链协调。
[Abstract]:In this paper, order agriculture is regarded as a special supply chain system based on contract theory and game theory. From the point of view of price fluctuation and supply and demand risk which affect the stability of order agriculture, the corresponding contract price purchase mechanism and supply and demand risk sharing mechanism are established. The purpose of this paper is to protect farmers' interests, avoid farmers' default, and use risk-sharing mechanism to improve the stability and efficiency of the supply chain of order-oriented agriculture. In this paper, the "company farmers" type of order agriculture as the research object, the company and farmers are considered as retailers and suppliers in the classic supply chain model, the basic supply chain model of order agriculture is constructed. Considering the fluctuation risk of wholesale price, the fixed wholesale price contract mechanism and the guaranteed price contract mechanism are constructed respectively. This paper also compares the decision behavior and profit level of both parties under two different contract price purchase mechanisms. It is found that supply chain contract design only from the perspective of order price can not affect farmers' enthusiasm for production. In addition, it is also found that the stronger the negotiation strength of farmers, the higher the willingness of the company to implement the guaranteed purchase contract, and the higher the profit level of the whole supply chain will be. Therefore, the transformation from "peasant household" to "peasant association" is an important way to improve farmers' bargaining power and promote the healthy development of contract agriculture. Secondly, this paper further analyzes the supply chain model of implementing the contract of "go with the market, buy with the bottom", and establish the order agriculture supply chain model under the centralized decision. When there is no risk-sharing mechanism, the level of farmers' optimal agricultural inputs in decentralized decision-making mode is lower than that of supply chain overall optimal level in centralized decision-making mode, that is, there is a double-marginal effect. The total profit of supply chain is smaller than that of centralized supply chain. Therefore, risk sharing mechanism is designed to improve farmers' input level in order to realize the coordination of supply chain of order agriculture. Finally, from the angle of output risk sharing and demand risk sharing, two models of risk sharing mechanism are established. Through the model analysis and the example analysis, it is proved that under the premise of carrying out the guarantee purchase contract, the output risk shared by the company to the farmers can improve the input level of the farmers' agricultural resources and increase their own profit income at the same time. But its improvement degree is limited, cannot realize the supply chain coordination. When farmers implement the demand risk sharing to the company, by adjusting the risk sharing factor, the farmers' input level of agricultural resources can reach the optimal level of centralized supply chain, and the coordination of order agricultural supply chain can be realized.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F326.6
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本文编号：1797801