食用农产品生产农户道德风险行为发生机理及防范机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 21:04

本文选题：食用农产品 + 质量安全　；参考：《江西财经大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：食用农产品与老百姓日常生活紧密相关,其质量安全直接关乎老百姓的身体健康和生命安全。随着经济社会的快速发展以及老百姓生活水平的稳步提高,老百姓的消费理念正逐步由温饱型向享受型升级,对食用农产品质量安全水平也提出了更高要求。有机、绿色、无公害、原生态、新鲜以及时令食用农产品越来越成为广大老百姓的普遍选择。然而,受农业生态环境以及农业生产方式等多种因素的制约,不安全食用农产品仍然充斥着我国食用农产品市场,这种低端无效供给难以满足老百姓日益多样化的需求。2016年,供给侧结构性改革在我国众多领域相继推进,对于食用农产品生产领域而言,如何为广大老百姓提供新鲜优质安全营养的食用农产品,减少无效和低端供给,尽快实现产出高效、产品安全的目标,是当前我国农业供给侧结构性改革的重点任务和主攻方向。由于食用农产品市场中各主体之间存在着质量信息不对称,生产农户容易受利益驱使,发生农药、激素、保鲜剂等农用药剂和添加剂的超标、违规使用行为,严重影响着食用农产品质量安全水平甚至威胁到消费者的身心健康。这些问题产生的原因之一是农户受利益驱使而发生道德风险行为。食用农产品生产农户道德风险行为的发生,不仅严重影响着我国食用农产品整体质量安全水平,而且对食用农产品供应链各环节相关主体利益带来不利影响,更威胁到我国安全食用农产品的生产及有效供给。为此,当前我国食用农产品质量安全状况如何?食用农产品生产农户道德风险行为发生情况怎样?发生机理是什么?影响因素有哪些?如何有效防范?这一系列问题值得深入研究。因此,本文以“食用农产品生产农户道德风险行为发生机理及防范机制研究”为题,在充分借鉴国内外相关研究成果的基础上,深入田间地头开展农户调研,了解我国食用农产品质量安全状况,探究食用农产品生产农户道德风险行为发生内在机理,在此基础上,探寻影响农户道德风险行为的因素,并提出防范农户道德风险行为的对策建议,为政府引导农户生产行为向安全、规范方向发展提供理论依据。全文以农户道德风险行为作为研究主线,基于当前我国食用农产品质量安全现状,分析存在的突出问题及成因,指出生产环节食用农产品质量安全问题产生的原因之一在于农户发生了道德风险行为,然后围绕道德风险行为“为什么会发生?影响因素有哪些?如何有效防范? ”三个问题展开研究。在当前食用农产品生产农户道德风险发生现状的基础上,借助“贝-斯”模型,结合农户食用农产品生产实际,从理论层面找出影响农户道德风险行为的因素,然后根据委托-代理理论构建论文的理论模型,并提出研究假设,设计研究问卷,开展农户调研,采用二元Logistic回归模型和半参数Logistic回归模型,从实证分析的角度找出显著影响农户道德风险行为的主要因素。最后,从经济、社会、制度及法律四个视角指出当前我国防范农户道德风险行为的政策重点,并从农户自身、政府及农业合作组织三个层面分别提出具体的防范措施。全文在实地调研的基础上,按照农户道德风险行为发生机理、影响因素以及防范机制的思路展开研究,并借助规范与实证相结合的分析方法,主要得出了以下研究结论:第一,当前我国食用农产品质量安全形势整体稳中趋好,但由于生产环节出现的问题导致食用农产品质量安全事件也时有发生。生产环节出现的问题突出表现为农户受利益驱使而发生道德风险行为、农业生态环境持续恶化以及化学投入品过量使用等。第二,通过系统剖析农户道德风险行为发生机理可以发现,农户道德风险行为的发生受内因和外因的综合影响,其中内因包括农户生产行为的有限理性、农户存在机会主义倾向、追求种植收益最大化以及农户自律观念淡薄等方面,外因则包括市场机制、政府监管、社会发展、农业合作组织以及制度设计等方面存在的弊端与不足,具体表现为食用农产品市场失灵、政府监管的局限性、农业生产机会成本增加、组织发展水平低以及农户生产行为信用体系尚未建立等。第三,研究结果表明,在可能影响农户道德风险行为发生的众多因素中,“非农收入占比”、“食用农产品质量关心情况”、“'三品一标'认证取得情况”、“个人声誉或信用看重情况”、“购销合同签订情况”及“投入品控制制度执行情况” 6个变量负向显著影响农户道德风险行为,其中,“食用农产品质量关心情况”是影响农户道德风险行为最重要的因素。第四,研究结果还表明,除上述因素外,自发存在于广大农村的非正式制度,如“道德观念约束力”、“村规民约制定情况”等对农户道德风险行为的发生也有显著影响,实证结果表明,“道德观念约束力”以及“村规民约制定情况”变量负向显著影响农户道德风险行为的发生。第五,为从源头有效防范食用农产品生产农户道德风险行为的发生,本文从经济、社会、制度及法律四个视角指出了政策重点,从农户自身、政府及农业合作组织三个方面提出了具体政策措施。从经济视角看,应切实增加农户种植收益、增强消费者对安全食用农产品的购买力、提高食用农产品流通环节效率。从社会视角看,对于农户而言,应提高社会责任意识并提升道德修养水平;对于农村集体组织而言,应制定和完善村规民约、切实发挥村规民约的作用、保护与弘扬优良传统文化;对于政府而言,首先要严格执法,其次要提高农户受教育水平,最后还要制定奖励措施。从制度视角看,应该充分发挥他律机制的作用,同时通过制度创新引导农户自律。从法律视角看,应不断提高农户和消费者的法律意识,并制定《中华人民共和国食用农产品质量安全法》。农户自身方面,应提高质量安全意识、培养自律意识。政府方面,应尽快建立农户生产行为信用体系,引导农户自觉规范生产,严控农业投入品,完善激励和约束机制。农业合作组织方面,应发挥好组织服务成员的作用,做好做大并分好农业合作组织的经济“蛋糕”。
[Abstract]:The quality and safety of the edible agricultural products is closely related to the daily life of the common people. The quality and safety of the people is directly related to the health and safety of the people. With the rapid development of the economy and society and the steady improvement of the living standards of the common people, the consumption concept of the common people is gradually escalated from the type of food and clothing to the enjoyment type, and the quality and safety of the edible agricultural products is also the same. Higher requirements are put forward. Organic, green, pollution-free, original ecological, fresh, and seasonal edible agricultural products are becoming more and more common choices for the general population. However, under the constraints of various factors such as agricultural ecological environment and agricultural production methods, unsafe edible agricultural products are still flooded with the market of edible agricultural products in China, this kind of low end is not effective. It is difficult to meet the demand of the increasing diversity of the people in.2016 years. The structural reform of the supply side has been promoted in many fields in China. For the production of edible agricultural products, how to provide fresh quality and safe and nutritious edible agricultural products for the general people, reduce the ineffective and low supply, and realize the high efficiency and safety of the products as soon as possible. The goal is the key task and main direction of the current agricultural supply side structural reform in China. Because of the asymmetry of quality information between the main bodies of the food market, the farmers are easily driven by the benefits, and the agricultural chemicals and additives such as pesticides, hormones and preservatives have exceeded the standard, and the illegal use behavior has seriously affected the consumption of food. The quality and safety of agricultural products even threatens the physical and mental health of consumers. One of the reasons for these problems is that the farmers are driven by the benefit of the moral risk behavior. The occurrence of the moral risk behavior of the farmers in the production of agricultural products, not only seriously affects the quality safety level of the whole body of our country's edible agricultural products, but also to the edible agricultural products. The main interests of each link in the supply chain have adverse effects, which threaten the production and effective supply of the safe edible agricultural products in our country. So, what is the situation of the quality and safety of the agricultural products in our country? What is the occurrence of the moral risk behavior of the farmers in the production of agricultural products? What are the causes and the effective factors? How effective This series of problems should be studied in depth. Therefore, this paper, on the basis of "study on the mechanism of the occurrence of moral risk behavior of farmers in the production of edible agricultural products and the mechanism of prevention,", on the basis of the relevant research results at home and abroad, makes a thorough study of farmers in the field to understand the quality and safety of our edible agricultural products and explore the food. On the basis of the internal mechanism of producing farmers' moral risk behavior with agricultural products, the factors that affect the behavior of farmers' moral hazard are explored, and the countermeasures and suggestions to prevent the behavior of farmers' moral risk are put forward to provide a theoretical basis for the government to guide the production behavior of farmers to safety and standard direction. The full text is based on the behavior of farmers' moral hazard. Based on the current situation of the quality and safety of edible agricultural products in China, this paper analyzes the existing problems and causes, and points out that one of the reasons for the quality and safety of the edible agricultural products in the production link lies in the moral hazard behavior of the farmers, and then around the moral risk behavior, what are the factors affecting them and what are the factors affecting them? On the basis of the present situation of the occurrence of the farmers' moral hazard in the production of agricultural products, on the basis of the "Beas" model and the actual production of farmers' production of agricultural products, the factors that affect the behavior of farmers' moral hazard are found from the theoretical level, and then the theoretical model of the paper is constructed according to the principal-agent theory. And put forward the research hypothesis, design the research questionnaire, carry out the peasant household survey, adopt the two yuan Logistic regression model and the semi parametric Logistic regression model, find out the main factors that affect the farmers' moral hazard behavior from the perspective of empirical analysis. Finally, from the economic, social, institutional and legal points of view, we point out the current China to prevent the moral wind of farmers in China. The policy focus of the risk behavior, and from the farmers themselves, the government and the agricultural cooperation organization three levels to put forward specific precautions. The full text on the basis of field research, according to the mechanism of farmers' moral risk behavior, the influence factors and prevention mechanism of the train of thought, and with the aid of the combination of normative and empirical analysis method, the main part. The following conclusions are drawn: first, the current situation of the quality and safety of edible agricultural products in China is stable in the whole, but the problems caused by the production links lead to the occurrence of the quality and safety of the edible agricultural products. The problems in the production link are manifested in the moral hazard behavior of the farmers and the agricultural ecological ring. Second, through systematic analysis of the mechanism of farmers' moral hazard behavior, it can be found that the occurrence of moral risk behavior of farmers can be found that the occurrence of farmers' moral risk behavior is influenced by internal and external factors. The internal causes include the limited rationality of farmers' production behavior, the opportunism tendency of farmers and the pursuit of the most productive income. The external causes include market mechanism, government supervision, social development, agricultural cooperation organization and system design, which include the malfunction of the market failure, the limitation of the government supervision, the increase in the cost of the agricultural production, the low level of organization and development and the agriculture. The credit system of household production has not been established. Third, the results show that, among the many factors that may affect the behavior of farmers' moral hazard, the "non agricultural income ratio", "the quality care of the edible agricultural products", "the attestation of 'three products and one standard", "the reputation of the individual or the credit value", "the purchase and sale contract sign" The 6 variables of "situation" and "implementation of input control system" negatively affect farmers' moral hazard behavior. Among them, "the quality care of edible agricultural products" is the most important factor affecting the behavior of farmers' moral hazard. Fourth. The results also show that, in addition to the above factors, the informal system exists spontaneously in the vast rural areas. Such as "moral concept binding force", "village rules and regulations" and so on has a significant impact on the occurrence of farmers' moral hazard behavior. The empirical results show that the "moral concept binding" and "village rules and regulations" variables negatively affect the occurrence of farmers' moral hazard behavior. Fifth, the effective prevention of food farmers from the source. This article points out the policy emphasis from four perspectives of economy, society, system and law, and puts forward specific policies and measures from three aspects of farmers themselves, the government and the agricultural cooperation organization. From the economic perspective, we should increase the income of farmers' planting and enhance the consumer's purchase of safe edible agricultural products. From a social perspective, it is necessary to improve the sense of social responsibility and improve the level of moral cultivation from a social perspective. For rural collective organizations, the village rules and regulations should be formulated and perfected, the role of the village rules and regulations should be fully played to protect and carry forward the fine traditional culture; for the government, the first must be concerned. Strictly enforcing the law, the second is to improve the level of farmers' education, and finally to formulate incentives. From the perspective of the system, we should give full play to the role of the heteronomy mechanism and guide the self-discipline of farmers through institutional innovation. From a legal perspective, the legal consciousness of farmers and consumers should be constantly improved, and the food agricultural products in People's Republic of China should be formulated. The quality safety law is more than. The farmers themselves should improve their awareness of quality and safety and cultivate self-discipline consciousness. In the government, the credit system of farmers' production behavior should be established as soon as possible, the farmers should be guided to standardize the production, strictly control the agricultural inputs and improve the incentive and restraint mechanisms. We should divide up the economic "cake" of the agricultural cooperative organization.

【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F322

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