价格随机条件下的应急数量弹性契约研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 04:20

本文选题：价格随机 + 应急数量弹性契约　；参考：《南昌航空大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着信息化与经济全球化的快速发展,日趋激烈的竞争对于供应链的要求越来越高。为了提升供应链整体竞争力,各企业将采取措施保障供应链达到协调状态。然而,复杂的外部环境及竞争的加剧使供应链遭遇各种突发事件攻击的概率大幅提高,供应链无法按照原计划运作而失去协调。因此,追求应急供应链及其链上成员的利益同时达到帕累托最优或改进,即应急供应链协调,成为当前研究的热点之一。本文在前人以市场需求随机波动为前提假设的基础上,考虑市场价格随机波动,针对信息对称情况研究了运用数量弹性契约应对突发事件的二级和三级供应链协调问题,进一步运用委托代理理论研究了信息不对称情况下的二级应急数量弹性契约,并应用算例对上述问题进行验算。文章的主要内容和创新点归纳如下:(1)研究突发事件发生导致需求和价格随机波动的情景下,数量弹性契约是否能实现二级供应链协调,并寻找供应链协调时最优订货与定价策略。针对市场价格稳定和随机两种情况,设定契约弹性系数为常量,分别建立应急数量弹性契约模型,寻找它们实现协调的内在约束条件,并与基准模型下的结论进行比较。然后将契约弹性系数由常量拓展为变量,判断是否同时存在最优的弹性系数和订货量,分析弹性系数的变化对于生产、订货决策及供应链整体收益的影响。最后通过算例验证了上述结论的正确性。(2)探索随机价格条件下应急数量弹性契约的三级供应链协调的内在规律。建立了价格随机条件下的应急数量弹性契约模型,寻找其最优订货和定价决策。并将其结果与无突发事件与市场价格稳定的突发事件条件下的策略进行比较。进一步将契约的弹性系数由常量转化为变量,探索是否同时存在最优的弹性系数和订货量,分析弹性系数的变化对于供应链整体收益及决策的影响。最后,通过算例仿真验证了上述相关结论。(3)以市场需求和市场价格随机波动的二级供应链为研究对象,寻找其在信息不对称条件下绩效优化的路径。通过显示原理分别构建生产成本和销售成本信息不对称时应急供应链的数量弹性契约模型,得到最优订货量与最佳批发价策略。通过具体的算例加以验证,分析了信息不对称程度对供应链上成员及整个供应链绩效的影响。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of information and economic globalization, the increasingly fierce competition for the supply chain is becoming more and more demanding. In order to enhance the overall competitiveness of the supply chain, enterprises will take measures to ensure the supply chain to achieve coordination. However, due to the complicated external environment and the intensification of competition, the probability of the supply chain being attacked by a variety of unexpected events is greatly increased, and the supply chain is unable to operate according to the original plan and lose coordination. Therefore, the pursuit of the interests of the emergency supply chain and its members at the same time to achieve Pareto optimal or improved, that is, emergency supply chain coordination, has become one of the hot spots of current research. Based on the hypothesis of stochastic fluctuation of market demand and considering the random fluctuation of market price, this paper studies the coordination problem of two-level and three-level supply chain under the condition of information symmetry by using quantitative elastic contract to deal with unexpected events. In this paper, the elasticity contract of two-level emergency quantity under the condition of asymmetric information is studied by using principal-agent theory, and an example is applied to check the above problems. The main contents and innovations of this paper are summarized as follows: (1) to study whether the volume elasticity contract can realize the coordination of the two-level supply chain under the situation of random fluctuation of demand and price caused by unexpected events. And find out the optimal ordering and pricing strategy in supply chain coordination. Aiming at the stable and stochastic market price, the elastic coefficient of contract is set up as constant, and the models of emergency quantity elasticity contract are established separately, and the internal constraint conditions for their coordination are found out, and compared with the conclusion under the benchmark model. Then, the contract elasticity coefficient is extended from constant to variable to determine whether there is an optimal elasticity coefficient and order quantity at the same time, and to analyze the influence of the change of elasticity coefficient on production, order decision and the overall income of supply chain. Finally, an example is given to verify the correctness of the above conclusions. (2) to explore the inherent law of three-level supply chain coordination under the condition of stochastic price. An elastic contract model of emergency quantity under stochastic price conditions is established to find the optimal ordering and pricing decision. The results are compared with the strategy under the condition of no emergency and stable market price. Furthermore, the elasticity coefficient of the contract is transformed from constant to variable to explore whether there is an optimal elasticity coefficient and order quantity at the same time, and to analyze the influence of the change of elasticity coefficient on the overall income and decision of supply chain. Finally, the simulation results show that the two-level supply chain with random fluctuation of market demand and market price is taken as the research object, and the path of performance optimization under the condition of asymmetric information is found. The quantity elasticity contract model of emergency supply chain with asymmetric information of production cost and sale cost is constructed by display principle, and the optimal order quantity and optimal wholesale price strategy are obtained. The effects of information asymmetry on the performance of the supply chain members and the whole supply chain are analyzed by an example.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F274

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