仓储系统中存储策略与设备维护策略研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 14:43

本文选题：仓储系统 + 存储策略　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：自上世纪末以来,随着信息技术与电子商务的高速发展,关于物流与供应链的研究已成为管理科学领域的一个研究热点。其中,作为物流与供应链重要节点的仓储系统尤其受到学者们的钟爱。实践中,B2C与C2C电子商务的高速发展对仓储物流企业的订单响应效率提出了新的挑战。基于上述市场环境,本文研究了影响仓储系统订单响应的两个重要因素：物品的存储策略和存取设备的可靠性。根据研究点的不同,本文的主要研究内容可以分为两个部分：第一部分是关于存储策略的研究,从物品存储方式上优化系统对订单的响应时间,提高运作效率。本部分的研究分两章进行,其中第2章通过考虑仓储系统中所存储物品种类的有限性的影响,放松了现有文献中“物品所需存储空间等于其平均库存”的假设,对分类存储策略在自动存取系统(AS/RS)中的应用进行研究。文章首先以SIT的连续货架为基于分类存储策略的AS/RS建立存取物品的平均行程时间的基本模型,继而陆续通过放松相关假设的方式对基本模型进行扩展研究,证明了基本模型的鲁棒性。其中包括货架的形状、需求曲线的类型、存储物品种类数量的变化、离散的存储空间以及随机的物品需求等。此外,在第3章中,我们在考虑仓储系统中物品所需的实际存储空间的情况下对各类存储策略(包括随机存储策略、分类存储策略和全周转率存储策略)的运作绩效进行了评价。仓储系统的订单响应效率不仅仅取决于系统所采取的物品存储策略,还会受到存取设备可靠性的影响。因此,本文第二部分的研究内容是如何确定企业对设备的维护策略,以实现企业利润最大化的目标。本文此部分的研究也由两章内容构成。第4章在考虑企业自已通过设立备件库存与维修车间的方式来维护设备的情形下,通过放弃设备可靠性目标,进而考虑设备盈利能力的方式,以企业期望利润最大化为决策目标,对企业的最优决策进行了研究。进而通过对扩展模型的分析,考察了以企业联盟的方式建立多个企业共用的维修车间和备件库存的决策方式的效果。随后,第5章在第4章的基础上,在维护服务外包的情形下对企业维护合同进行了优化研究。基于PBC的合同机制,用一个序贯博弈模型来刻画顾客(即持有设备的企业)和售后服务供应商之间的博弈关系,并通过纳什博弈模型描述了多个顾客之间的竞争关系。基于上述研究内容,本文的主要创新点与贡献总结如下： 1)本文第2章在考虑仓储系统中所存储物品种类有限的情况下,发现传统文献中认为理论上最优的全周转率存储策略并不能为仓储系统提供最短的平均行程时间。解释了理论中“全周转率存储策略最优”的结论在实践中得不到企业应用的原因,即传统文献在考虑行程时间模型时仅考虑了分类为存取效率带来的提升,却忽视了分类为仓储系统带来的存储空间的膨胀。 2)通过考虑仓储系统所需要的实际存储空间,本文第3章考察了仓储系统中物品的需求结构(ABC需求曲线的曲度)对存储策略的绩效影响。在传统文献的研究中,我们发现对于任意的ABC需求曲线,随机存储策略为系统带来的平均行程时间是相同的。而在我们考虑不同物品需求结构所需要的实际存储空间时,我们发现随机存储策略为仓储系统带来的平均行程时间对于不同的ABC需求曲线存在着很大的变化。 3)基于上述1)和2)的理论结果,本文给出了AS/RS系统和基于通道的传统仓库的最优分类策略及仓库的最优形状。 4)本文第4章提出了考虑设备盈利能力的售后维护策略,并给出了相应的最优决策。研究发现,设备的最优可靠性需求是随其盈利能力灵活变化的。基于给定设备可靠性目标的决策方式可能会削减企业的利润,尤其是当企业一味的追求设备高可靠性时,企业可能会由于设备可靠性目标与其盈利能力不匹配而造成利润上的重大损失。 5)在企业设备维护服务外包的环境下,第5章用博弈论的方法对售后服务供应链进行了研究。研究发现,(i)对维修服务供应商来说,当备件的单位成本较低时,共享库存确实能够使服务供应商节省维护成本；而当备件的单位成本较高时,共享库存将会伤害供应商的利润,此时为各顾客设立专用备件库存是供应商的最优选择。(ii)当同一个市场中的多名顾客存从同一个售后服务供应商处获取设备维护服务,且供应商为顾客设立共享的备件库存时,由于顾客可以通过成本分摊和缺货惩罚两种途径激励供应商提供所需要的设备可靠性,所以规模较大的顾客可以通过设置与规模小的顾客相同的成本分摊来避免其搭便车行为,而从增加缺货惩罚的角度来迫使供应商提供必要的设备可靠性。因此,所有的顾客,无论其所持有的设备数量多少、盈利能力高低,他们都将为供应商提供相同数额的成本补贴。
[Abstract]:Since the end of the last century, with the rapid development of information technology and electronic commerce, the research on logistics and supply chain has become a research hotspot in the field of management science. Among them, the storage system, which is an important node of logistics and supply chain, is especially loved by scholars. In practice, the high speed development of B2C and C2C E-commerce The order response efficiency of logistics enterprises presents new challenges.
Based on the market environment above, this paper studies two important factors that affect the order response of the storage system: the storage strategy of the goods and the reliability of the access equipment. According to the different research points, the main contents of this paper can be divided into two parts:
The first part is about the study of storage strategy, which optimizes the response time of the system to the order from the storage mode of the goods, and improves the efficiency of the operation. The study of this part is carried out in two chapters. The second chapter relaxes the existing documents "the storage space of the items is equal to the storage space of the storage system." This paper studies the application of classified storage strategy in automatic access system (AS/RS). First, the basic model of the average travel time of access items is established by using the continuous shelf of SIT as the AS/RS based on classified storage strategy, and then the basic model is expanded by loosening the relevant assumptions. The research shows the robustness of the basic model, including the shape of the shelf, the type of the demand curve, the change of the number of stored items, the discrete storage space and the demand for random items. In addition, in the third chapter, we consider all kinds of storage strategies in the case of the actual storage space required for the goods in the storage system. The performance of stochastic storage strategy, classified storage strategy and full turn rate storage strategy is evaluated.
The order response efficiency of the storage system is not only dependent on the storage strategy of the system, but also affected by the reliability of the access equipment. Therefore, the second part of this paper is about how to determine the maintenance strategy of the equipment to achieve the goal of maximizing the profit of the enterprise. This part of this part also consists of two chapters. In the fourth chapter, the best decision of the enterprise is studied by abandoning the equipment reliability target and considering the equipment profitability by giving up the equipment reliability target and maintaining the equipment by setting up the spare parts inventory and the maintenance workshop. Then the best decision of the enterprise is studied. Then the extended model is passed through the extended model. On the basis of the fourth chapter, the fifth chapter optimizes the enterprise maintenance contract in the case of maintaining service outsourcing on the basis of the fourth chapter. Based on the contract mechanism of PBC, a sequential game model is used to depict the customer. The game relationship between customers (i.e. equipment holding enterprises) and after-sales service providers is described, and the competition relationship among multiple customers is described through Nash game model.
Based on the above research contents, the main innovations and contributions of this paper are summarized as follows:
1) in the second chapter, considering the limited types of stored items in the storage system, it is found that the optimal total turnover rate storage strategy in the traditional literature does not provide the shortest average travel time for the storage system. The conclusion of the theory that the "total turnover rate storage strategy is optimal" can not reach the enterprise in practice. The reason for this is that the traditional literature takes into account only the promotion of access efficiency when considering the travel time model, but ignores the expansion of the storage space that is classified as the storage system.
2) by considering the actual storage space required by the storage system, the third chapter examines the effect of the requirement structure of goods in the storage system (the curvature of the ABC demand curve) on the performance of the storage strategy. In the study of the traditional literature, we find that the random storage strategy brings the average travel time to the system for any ABC demand curve. When we consider the actual storage space required for different items of demand structure, we find that the average travel time brought by the random storage strategy for the storage system has a great change for the different ABC demand curves.
3) based on the theoretical results of the above 1 and 2), the optimal classification strategy and the optimal shape of the warehouse in AS/RS system and channel based traditional warehouse are given in this paper.
4) the fourth chapter puts forward the after-sale maintenance strategy considering the equipment profitability, and gives the corresponding optimal decision. It is found that the optimal reliability demand of the equipment is flexible with its profitability. The decision method based on the target of the given equipment reliability may reduce the profit of the enterprise, especially when the enterprise is blindly pursuing it. In case of high reliability, enterprises may lose profits due to the mismatch of equipment reliability goals and their profitability.
5) in the environment of enterprise equipment maintenance outsourcing, the fifth chapter studies the supply chain of after-sales service by game theory. It is found that (I) for the maintenance service providers, when the unit cost of spare parts is low, the shared inventory can make the service providers save the maintenance cost, and when the unit cost of spare parts is high, Sharing inventory will hurt the profit of the supplier, at this time setting up special spare parts inventory for each customer is the best choice for the supplier. (II) when multiple customers in the same market deposit the equipment maintenance service from the same after-sales service provider and the supplier set up a shared spare part stock for the customers, the customer can pass the cost through the cost. Two ways to encourage vendors to encourage suppliers to provide the required equipment reliability, so large customers can avoid their hitchhiking behavior by setting up the same cost sharing with small customers, forcing suppliers to provide the necessary equipment reliability from the point of increasing the penalty. Customers, regardless of the amount of equipment they hold, and their profitability, will provide the same amount of cost subsidy to their suppliers.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F253.9

【共引文献】