我国应急供应链协调与救灾物资管理研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 10:27

本文选题：应急供应链 + 救灾物资管理　；参考：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几年,我国遭受自然灾害的情况屡见不鲜,受灾程度也不断变化,这些灾害不但对人民的生命安全造成了威胁,还对社会经济造成了极大的损失。与此同时,更对应急供应链协调和救灾物资的管理进行了严峻的考验。由于自然灾害的产生具有较强的不确定性,并且伴随一定的突发性,我国现有的应急供应链管理体系难以适应突发状况下物资救灾的需要,存在一定的缺陷。在整个抗灾救灾的过程中,如何进行救灾物资的筹集,调配,运输是一个重要的命题。在紧急状况下,救灾物资的应急供应链协调对重大灾害要进行调控,通过采取多种措施来控制灾难蔓延,从而避免损失更加严重。显而易见,在供应链应急协调系统下研究救灾物资的管理状况以及如何提高救灾物资的管理能力具有一定的理论价值,并且对突发状况的发生具有一定的现实指导意义。物资管理,是指企业在生产过程中对本企业所需物资的采购、使用、储备、配送等行为进行计划、组织和控制的过程。物资管理各个环节环环相扣,组成物资供应链。供应链管理作为一个广泛的概念,可以被定义为：在生产和配送最终产品／服务的过程中,对整体供应链(供应商、制造商、物流提供商、批发商及零售商等)中的信息流、物资流和资金流进行有效的控制和管理,以满足客户需求的服务,同时降低整体供应链系统的总成本。国内自然灾害、公共卫生事件、重大事故等突发事件频发,救灾物资的需求急剧增加。为合理有效的满足大量突发的物资需求和防止不良影响的进一步扩大,提高灾害应对水平,稳定社会,救灾物资管理水平也需要得到相应的提高。除了扩大救灾物资储备数量和规模、加大政府财政对于救灾物资管理的支持力度以外,可以将救灾物资的购买方(政府职能部门、非盈利组织)与供应方(大型零售商、生产商)的获取—储存—分配作为一条完整的供应链,从供应链协调的角度对应急物资进行管理。应急供应链管理是指以提供自然灾害、公共卫生事件、重大事故(例如,包括火灾求援、危险物质事件、抗洪抢险、海啸和抗震救灾、失去主要供应商或顾客、疫情控制等)等突发性事件所需应急物资为目的、以追求时间效益最大化和灾害损失最小化为目标,借助现代信息技术,非正常性地组织物品从供应地到接受地的实供应链动过程,它包括物品获得、运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、配送以及信息处理等功能性活动。为了能够对突发事件和自然灾害进行适时的应对,如何安全高效的将救灾物资及时送达,应急物流越来越受到重视和研究。本文在分析了我国救灾物资管理研究现状和目前存在问题的基础上,从供应链的视角对应急物流提出了从应急物资采购、运输、仓储及风险等方面进行优化的建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the situation of natural disasters in our country is common, and the degree of disaster is also changing. These disasters not only threaten the lives of the people, but also cause great losses to the social economy. At the same time, the coordination of emergency supply chain and the management of disaster relief materials were severely tested. Due to the strong uncertainty of the occurrence of natural disasters and the sudden occurrence of natural disasters, the existing emergency supply chain management system in our country is difficult to meet the needs of material relief under the sudden situation, and has certain defects. In the whole process of disaster relief, how to raise, distribute and transport relief materials is an important proposition. In the emergency situation, the emergency supply chain coordination of relief supplies should regulate the major disasters, and take a variety of measures to control the spread of disasters, so as to avoid more serious losses. It is obvious that the research on the management of disaster relief materials under the supply chain emergency coordination system and how to improve the management ability of disaster relief materials have certain theoretical value and have a certain practical significance for the occurrence of unexpected situations. Material management refers to the process of planning, organizing and controlling the purchase, use, storage and distribution of the materials needed by the enterprise in the process of production. Material management links together to form a material supply chain. As a broad concept, supply chain management can be defined as the flow of information in the overall supply chain (suppliers, manufacturers, logistics providers, wholesalers, retailers, etc.) during the production and distribution of final products / services. Material flow and capital flow are effectively controlled and managed to meet customer needs while reducing the total cost of the overall supply chain system. Natural disasters, public health events, major accidents and other emergencies occur frequently in China, and the demand for disaster relief materials increases sharply. In order to reasonably and effectively meet a large number of sudden material needs and prevent the further expansion of adverse effects, improve the level of disaster response, and stabilize the society, the management level of disaster relief materials also needs to be improved accordingly. In addition to expanding the amount and scale of disaster relief materials reserves and increasing government financial support for disaster relief materials management, buyers (government departments, non-profit organizations) and suppliers (large retailers) of disaster relief materials can be combined. As a complete supply chain, emergency supplies are managed from the point of view of supply chain coordination. Emergency supply chain management refers to the provision of natural disasters, public health events, major accidents (for example, fire distress, hazardous material events, flood relief, tsunami and earthquake relief, loss of major suppliers or customers, For the purpose of seeking maximum time benefit and minimizing disaster losses, and with the aid of modern information technology, Unorthodox organization of the physical supply chain process from supply to acceptance, which includes the acquisition, transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, distribution and information processing of items. In order to deal with emergencies and natural disasters in good time, emergency logistics has been paid more and more attention to, how to deliver disaster relief materials safely and efficiently. Based on the analysis of the present situation and problems in the management of disaster relief materials in China, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the optimization of emergency logistics from the perspective of supply chain, such as procurement, transportation, warehousing and risk of emergency materials.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F274;F259.21

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