基于微分对策的闭环供应链回收策略研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 18:48

本文选题：闭环供应链 + 再制造　；参考：《西南交通大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：闭环供应链中产品的回收历来是研究者们关注的焦点。本文通过对现有研究进行归纳总结,在考察回收过程动态特征的基础上,构建关于产品回收的动态模型,利用微分对策理论探讨了不同回收模式下闭环供应链的最优控制策略及回收渠道选择问题。论文从构建基本研究模型出发,并从三个不同侧面展开了较为深入的研究。首先,通过考察回收过程中的动态特征,构建本文的基本模型,即废旧产品动态回收模型,在此基础上利用微分对策理论分别探讨制造商回收和零售商回收下的最优控制策略,对最优控制策略的性质进行分析,然后分析动态回收模型下闭环供应链系统的回收渠道选择问题。研究发现,在动态回收模型下,制造商回收下系统的回收效率更高,同时对零售商更为有利。当综合考虑各种因素时,制造商回收也对制造商更为有利。然后,将基本的动态回收模型扩展到零售商竞争的环境下,分别分析制造商回收和零售商回收下的最优控制策略,并对系统参数对闭环供应链产品回收影响展开分析。研究发现,当供应链中存在竞争性零售商时,制造商的最优控制策略、稳态时的瞬时利润及系统的产品回收率与零售商之间的市场份额分配是无关的,只与两个零售商总的市场份额有关。当闭环供应链中零售商负责回收时,竞争性零售商之间关于产品回收具有“先动”优势。当零售商之间的竞争程度加强时,对闭环供应链的产品回收更为有利,同时这也会带来零售商和制造商利润水平的提升。再次,在零售商负责产品回收的背景下讨论不同渠道权力结构下的闭环供应链微分对策模型,分别分析制造商和零售商Nash博弈、制造商领导Stackelberg博弈及零售商领导Stackelberg博弈下的最优控制策略,并在此基础上展开比较分析,探讨渠道权力结构对闭环供应链产品回收的影响。当零售商占据主导地位时,其能够获取大部分因再制造产生的利益,因而此时零售商拥有更多的积极性进行产品的回收。最后,将基本的动态回收模型扩展到随机动态回收模型。通过综合考虑废旧产品回收过程中存在的动态和随机特征,构建产品回收的随机动态模型,分别分析集中式和分散式供应链下的最优回收控制策略,对两种模式下闭环供应链系统的回收率随机演化路径展开分析,并设计两部定价契约对闭环供应链进行协调。研究发现,当随机干扰强度上升时,制造商会提高产品回收投入水平,但制造商和零售商的价格不会受到随机干扰的影响。发生在回收过程中的随机因素对系统产品回收率的影响比较明显,但其对系统销售速率、市场价格等的影响与供应链结构造成的影响程度相比有限。通过数值仿真发现分散式下的供应链利润相比集中式下的水平有所损失。在协调契约下,供应链系统能达到集中式下的利润水平。
[Abstract]:The recovery of products in closed-loop supply chain has always been the focus of attention of researchers. Based on the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the recycling process, this paper constructs a dynamic model of product recovery. The optimal control strategy of closed-loop supply chain and the selection of recovery channel under different recovery modes are discussed by using differential game theory. Starting from the basic research model, the thesis carries out more in-depth research from three different aspects. First of all, by investigating the dynamic characteristics in the process of recycling, the basic model of this paper, that is, the dynamic recovery model of waste products, is constructed. On the basis of this, the optimal control strategy under the recovery of manufacturers and retailers is discussed by using the differential game theory, respectively. The properties of the optimal control strategy are analyzed, and then the selection of the recovery channel in the closed-loop supply chain system under the dynamic recovery model is analyzed. It is found that under the dynamic recovery model, the recovery efficiency of the system is higher than that of the manufacturer, and it is more beneficial to the retailer. When a combination of factors is taken into account, manufacturer recycling is also more beneficial to the manufacturer. Then, the basic dynamic recovery model is extended to the competitive environment of retailers to analyze the optimal control strategy under manufacturer and retailer recovery, and to analyze the effect of system parameters on product recovery in closed-loop supply chain. It is found that when competitive retailers exist in the supply chain, the optimal control strategy of the manufacturer, the instantaneous profit in the steady state and the product recovery rate of the system are independent of the market share distribution among the retailers. It is only related to the total market share of the two retailers. When retailers are responsible for recycling in closed-loop supply chains, competitive retailers have a "first move" advantage in product recovery. When the competition between retailers is strengthened, it is more favorable to the product recovery of the closed-loop supply chain, which will also bring about the increase of the profit level of retailers and manufacturers. Thirdly, under the background that retailers are responsible for product recovery, the closed-loop supply chain differential game model under different channel power structure is discussed, and the Nash game between manufacturer and retailer is analyzed, respectively. The optimal control strategy under the Stackelberg game of manufacturer leadership and the Stackelberg game of retailer leader is discussed. Based on this, the influence of channel power structure on product recovery in closed-loop supply chain is discussed. When retailers occupy a dominant position, they can obtain most of the benefits arising from remanufacturing, so retailers have more enthusiasm to recycle products at this time. Finally, the basic dynamic recovery model is extended to random dynamic recovery model. By synthetically considering the dynamic and random characteristics of the recycling process, the stochastic dynamic model of product recovery is constructed, and the optimal recovery control strategies under centralized and decentralized supply chains are analyzed, respectively. This paper analyzes the stochastic evolution path of the closed-loop supply chain system under two modes, and designs two pricing contracts to coordinate the closed-loop supply chain. The study found that when the intensity of random interference increases, manufacturers will increase the level of product recovery input, but the prices of manufacturers and retailers will not be affected by random interference. The effect of random factors in the recovery process on the recovery rate of the system product is obvious, but its influence on the system sales rate and market price is limited compared with the influence of the supply chain structure. By numerical simulation, it is found that the profit of the decentralized supply chain is lower than that of the centralized supply chain. Under the coordination contract, the supply chain system can achieve the centralized profit level.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F274

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