基于RFID的服装供应链协调及补货策略优化

发布时间：2018-07-23 13:27

【摘要】：自上世纪末以来,无线射频识别技术(Radio Frequency Identification, RFID)便开始逐渐进入我们的日常生活,如今,随着信息技术的高速发展和我国服装行业的信息化浪潮的迅速推广,RFID技术成为对服装企业实施供应链管理最强有力的推动。随着全球经济一体化,企业间的竞争正逐步转变为供应链间的竞争,如何设计契约使供应链各节点企业达成共赢,使供应链更高效更富有竞争力已成为供应链研究领域的热点和难点。因此,讨论实施RFID对供应链产生的影响及对应协调契约的制定有重大的意义。近几年来,全球服装行业涌现出一些以普通消费者为目标消费群体的“快时尚”服装零售品牌,如ZARA、CA、UNIQLO、HM、 GAP等,由于快时尚供应链具有诸多非量化因素,例如新款商品的不断推出、潮流趋势的瞬息万变以及高度垂直整合的供应商、制造商和零售商,鲜有学者对快时尚供应链进行定量的分析与研究。在这种背景下,快时尚零售业的零售商们依然需要针对不同类别的产品确定其在各个不同阶段的订货数量,以获得较高的收益。因此,对于零售商来说,针对不同的产品制定其在不同阶段的订货数量具有重大的意义。本文研究在RFID实施的前提下制定服装供应链协调机制并讨论RFID对供应链协调及风险的影响,研究快时尚供应链零售商的优化补货策略,具体工作如下： (1)针对服装供应链,在报童模型和VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory,供应商管理库存)模式的基础上研究分析由一个供应商及多个零售商组成的需求价格相互影响的二级供应链,在是否实施RFID技术两种情况下分别讨论供应链的收益及风险,并进行协调契约的制定与分析。通过供应链的集中式和分散式决策获得结合回购及费用分摊的供应链协调契约。通过分析,RFID标签的价格能影响供应链期望收益及风险；RFID系统在大货架空间下对减少供应链收益不确定性的作用非常显著；在RFID标签的价格非常小的前提下,补货周期数的增加能更大程度降低供应链风险;若供应商主动分摊RFID标签的大部分费用,则不仅可以降低其风险,还促使供应链协调；同时,对于实施RFID的供应链来说,在适当的RFID标签费用分摊系数的前提下,供应商能通过设置比未实施RFID的供应链小的回购系数来达到供应链协调。 (2)通过对快时尚供应链的补货及顾客对商品的选择和购买过程的建模来优化零售商的补货策略。用效用最大化机制来决定顾客购买何种商品,并且以下降因子表示商品的流行度下降趋势。运用梯度估计和模拟退火相结合的混合算法优化零售商的补货策略,解决如何使零售商的收益最大化这一问题。通过静态和仿真结果的对比分析得出零售商的补货策略。实验结果证明若快时尚供应链零售商要获得较高的收益,则应不断销售新款商品并在销售过程中对其进行少量补货。仿真的结果体现了快时尚供应链的观念：多款商品少量快速补货。
[Abstract]:Since the end of the last century, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has gradually entered our daily life. Now, with the rapid development of information technology and the rapid popularization of the wave of information technology in our garment industry, RFID technology has become the most powerful impetus to the implementation of supply chain management in garment enterprises. With the global economic integration, the competition between enterprises is gradually changing into the competition between supply chains. How to design a contract to achieve a win-win situation in the supply chain and make the supply chain more efficient and competitive has become a hot and difficult point in the research field of supply chain. Therefore, the impact of the actual application of RFID on supply chain and the corresponding coordination agreement are discussed. The formulation of the contract is of great significance.
In recent years, the global clothing industry has sprung up some "fast fashion" clothing retail brands, such as ZARA, CA, UNIQLO, HM, GAP, and so on. The fast fashion supply chain has many non quantitative factors, such as the continuous introduction of new goods, the fast changing trend of the trend and the supply of highly vertical integration. In this context, retailers in the fast fashion retail industry still need to determine the number of orders at different stages in order to obtain higher returns in this context. It is of great significance to make the order quantity at different stages.
This paper studies the coordination mechanism of clothing supply chain and discusses the impact of RFID on supply chain coordination and risk under the premise of RFID implementation, and studies the optimal replenishment strategy of fast fashion supply chain retailers. The specific work is as follows:
(1) on the basis of the newsboy model and VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory, supplier managed inventory) model, the paper studies and analyzes the two level supply chain which is composed of one supplier and multiple retailers, and discusses the benefits and risks of the supply chain under the two circumstances of the implementation of the RFID Technology. Through the centralized and decentralized decision of the supply chain, the supply chain coordination contract is obtained through the centralized and decentralized decision of the supply chain. Through the analysis, the price of the RFID label can affect the expected return and risk of the supply chain, and the effect of the RFID system on reducing the uncertainty of supply Chain Revenue in the large shelf space is very significant. When the price of the RFID label is very small, the increase in the number of replenishment cycles can lower the supply chain risk to a greater extent. If the supplier actively shares most of the cost of the RFID label, it can not only reduce its risk, but also promote the coordination of the supply chain. At the same time, for the supply chain for the implementation of the RFID, the appropriate RFID label cost sharing system is used. On the premise of number, the supplier can achieve supply chain coordination by setting a small repo coefficient than the supply chain without RFID.
(2) to optimize the retailer's replenishment strategy through the replenishment of the fast fashion supply chain and the modeling of the customer's choice and process of the purchase. The utility maximization mechanism is used to determine what kind of goods are purchased by the customer, and the following descending factor indicates the trend of the decline in the popularity of the goods. A hybrid algorithm combining the ladder estimation and simulated annealing is used. Optimize the retailer's replenishment strategy to solve the problem of how to maximize the profit of the retailer. Through the comparison of the static and simulation results, the retailer's replenishment strategy is obtained. The experimental results show that if the fast fashion supply chain retailer wants to gain higher income, it should continue to sell new goods and reduce it in the process of sales. The result of simulation reflects the concept of fast fashion supply chain: a small number of goods, quick replenishment.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F713.32;F274

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