互联网金融时代我国商业银行小微企业信用风险管控分析

发布时间：2018-10-12 21:25

【摘要】：2014年3月,我国召开了第十二次全国人民代表大会二次会议,会议明确指出我国2014年的工作重点是深化金融改革,政府工作报告中重点提及加快信用体系建设、进一步加大小微企业税收优惠政策、促进互联网金融发展等一系列的改革目标。我国信用体系不健全是长期以来一直存在的问题。改革开放初期,由人民银行牵头,我国很早就成立了信用评级机构,但是从90年代的乱象丛生,到2006年“福禧短融”事件,信用评级行业在我国发展十分坎坷,而且时至今日,我国也没有出台任何一部有关信用评级的独立法律。1998年,我国商业银行进行了内部评级制度的改革,废弃了“一逾两呆”的分类制度,全面推行贷款五级分类法,促进了我国商业银行内部评级的发展。但是,放眼全球,从20世纪80年代开始使用Logit模型到1997年亚洲金融危机爆发后的KMV模型,国际商业银行早就利用统计模型进行内部评级。通过对比,我们不难发现,我国商业银行内部评级制度的发展才刚刚起步。受到信息不对称,财务指标不健全等因素的影响,我国商业银行对小微企业的信贷审批一直十分的谨慎。近年来,由于外部评级和内部评级发展缓慢,小微企业融资难的问题凸显。为了解决就业和消费两大难题,国家出台政策扶植小微企业,许多商业银行也放宽了对小微企业的贷款限制,不过商业银行对小微企业信用风险的管控手段还不成熟,银行依然存在巨大的风险敞口。2013年,互联网金融进入快速发展时期,以阿里巴巴和京东商城为代表的互联网企业不仅在电子商务领域表现卓越,而且开始涉足金融行业,并且有效地解决了其平台上小微企业的贷款需求。本文旨在分析阿里巴巴等互联网金融企业对小微企业信用风险的控制模式,从供应链与持续观察企业资金流量的角度探求我国商业银行对小微企业信用控制的方式方法。
[Abstract]:In March 2014, China convened the second session of the Twelfth National people's Congress. The meeting clearly pointed out that the focus of our work in 2014 was to deepen financial reform, and the government work report focused on speeding up the construction of the credit system. Further increase small and micro-enterprise tax preferential policies, promote the development of Internet finance and a series of reform objectives. The unsound credit system of our country has been a problem for a long time. In the early stage of reform and opening up, the people's Bank of China led the establishment of credit rating agencies early in China. However, from the chaos of the 1990s to the "Fuxi short melt" incident in 2006, the development of the credit rating industry in China has been very bumpy, and it is now and now. China has not issued any independent laws on credit rating. In 1998, the commercial banks of our country carried out the reform of the internal rating system, abandoned the classification system of "one more than two morons", and comprehensively implemented the five-level classification of loans. Promote the development of internal rating of commercial banks in China. However, looking at the whole world, from the beginning of Logit model in 1980s to the KMV model after the Asian financial crisis in 1997, the international commercial banks have used the statistical model to carry on the internal rating for a long time. Through comparison, we can find that the development of internal rating system of commercial banks in China has just started. Under the influence of asymmetric information and imperfect financial indicators, the credit approval of small and micro enterprises in China's commercial banks has been very cautious. In recent years, due to the slow development of external and internal ratings, the financing problem of small and micro enterprises is highlighted. In order to solve the two major problems of employment and consumption, the state has issued policies to support small and micro enterprises. Many commercial banks have also relaxed the restrictions on loans to small and micro enterprises. However, commercial banks have not yet developed the means to control the credit risk of small and micro enterprises. Banks still have huge exposure. In 2013, Internet finance entered a period of rapid development. Internet companies, represented by Alibaba and JingDong Mall, not only performed well in e-commerce, but also began to step into the financial sector. And it effectively solves the loan demand of small and micro enterprises on its platform. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the control mode of credit risk of small and micro enterprises by Internet financial enterprises such as Alibaba, and to explore the ways and methods of credit control of small and micro enterprises by Chinese commercial banks from the angle of supply chain and continuous observation of enterprise capital flow.
【学位授予单位】：天津财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.4;F276.3

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