基于服务水平约束的两级服装供应链库存优化研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 19:15

【摘要】：本文是基于服装行业库存问题日益显著的现状,在前人研究的基础之上,考虑提前期、服务水平(即缺货率)对库存成本的影响,建立库存模型,并求解模型在集中决策,零售商、供应商分别主导三种情形下的算法并给出算例分析。鉴于如今关于服装企业服务水平中缺货满意度的参考文献较少,本文专门就缺货率对服装产品消费者满意度的影响做了调研。在缺少参考问卷的情形下,通过深度访谈和焦点小组确定问卷内容设定方向,并通过预调研结果对问卷进行修改。对问卷分析可知：消费者在服装消费过程遇到缺货是较普遍的情况,对单个个体来讲遇到的频率不高；在遇到缺货时,绝大多数的顾客不会选择等待到货,但是在遇到特别心仪的款式时会改变自己的立场；如果零售商在缺货时能给予消费者一定的激励消费者是愿意等待到货的；对于大部分受访者来讲,遇到缺货情况会影响他们对于该品牌的看法,服装企业为了能达到较高的消费者满意度,增强顾客忠诚度,获取更高收益要尽量避免缺货情况的发生。要满足低缺货率,服装企业就必须保证较高的库存水平,这势必会增加其库存成本。为在确保收益的基础上保持库存成本尽可能低,本文在综合考虑提前期的时间长度和运输费用的基础上,建立两级服装供应链(即仅考虑单一供应商、单一零售商)库存成本模型,并求其最优解使得库存成本达到最少。模型建立后,综合考虑四个决策变量：零售商单次订货量,供应商单次生产可供送货次数,提前期时长及缺货率。能较全面考虑到影响服装业库存的几个主要因素,但是会加大计算的难度,因此能求得的是局部最优解。在基本模型建立之后,求解三种情形下的求解算法：集中决策情形,供应商主导情形以及零售商主导情形。然后给出三种情形分别适合何种合作模式下模型的求解,以及企业如何运用模型进行库存成本优化。最后经由算例分析更直观的证实求解算法的可行性。三种算法比较可得,集中决策情形下,供应链可以实现总体库存成本最优。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on the increasingly prominent inventory problem in clothing industry, on the basis of previous studies, considering the influence of lead time, service level (that is, stock shortage ratio) on inventory cost, establishing inventory model, and solving the model in centralized decision-making. Retailers and suppliers dominate the algorithms in three cases and give examples. In view of the fact that there are few references on the degree of shortage of goods in the service level of garment enterprises, this paper makes a research on the impact of the shortage rate on the consumer satisfaction of garment products. In the case of lack of reference questionnaire, through in-depth interviews and focus groups to determine the direction of the questionnaire content, and through the pre-survey results to modify the questionnaire. The analysis of the questionnaire shows that it is common for consumers to encounter shortage in the process of clothing consumption, but the frequency is not high for a single individual; in the case of shortage, most customers do not choose to wait for the goods to arrive. However, they will change their position when they encounter a particular style; if retailers can give consumers a certain incentive when they are out of stock, they will be willing to wait for the goods to arrive; for the majority of the interviewees, In order to achieve higher consumer satisfaction, enhance customer loyalty and obtain higher income, garment enterprises should avoid the shortage as far as possible. To meet the low stock shortage rate, garment enterprises must ensure a high inventory level, which will inevitably increase their inventory costs. In order to keep inventory cost as low as possible on the basis of ensuring revenue, this paper establishes a two-tier clothing supply chain (i.e., only considering a single supplier) on the basis of considering the length of lead time and transportation cost. Single retailer) inventory cost model and its optimal solution to minimize inventory costs. After the establishment of the model, four decision variables are considered synthetically: the single order quantity of the retailer, the number of times that the supplier can deliver goods in a single production, the time of lead time and the rate of shortage. Several main factors affecting the inventory of clothing industry can be considered comprehensively, but the calculation will be more difficult, so the local optimal solution can be obtained. After the establishment of the basic model, three algorithms are solved: centralized decision, supplier dominated and retailer dominated. Then three kinds of cases are given to solve the model under which cooperation mode, and how to optimize the inventory cost by using the model. Finally, the feasibility of the algorithm is proved more intuitively by an example. In the case of centralized decision, the supply chain can achieve the optimal total inventory cost.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F274;F426.86

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