影响欠发达地区农村夫妻店食品质量安全控制行为的因素分析

发布时间：2019-02-21 16:27

【摘要】：近几年来,食品质量安全越来越受到人们的广泛关注,虽然国家实施了各种政策,旨在解决食品质量安全问题,但各种食品质量安全事件仍旧屡屡发生,尤其是农村地区。食品经营者管理方式落后,现代化超市经营发展不足,加之各级监管者常常把注意力集中于解决城市食品质量安全问题,忽略农村食品质量安全,大量在城市中遇阻的假冒伪劣产品流向了农村,使农村成为了食品质量安全的重灾区。据卫生部统计,食品安全中毒事件大多发生在偏远农村地区。农村食品质量安全问题频发,暴露出我国农村食品质量安全监管体制亟需改进。流通环节,特别是零售环节,是食品供应链上一个重要而不可或缺的环节,是连接生产者与消费者的重要桥梁,其监督管理更加不容忽视。国内外实践表明,连锁经营作为一种现代化的流通组织形式,在提高农产品、食品安全性和流通效率上具有重要意义。然而,由于我国城乡二元化体制制约,我国农村零售业发展缓慢,加之零售业进入门槛低,个体工商户急剧发展,夫妻店成为了目前农村,特别是欠发达地区居民购买食品的主要场所,由于其组织化程度低,经营条件简陋,经营方式落后,在食品质量安全控制以及向超市化经营发展方面存在很多问题。为此,本文在前人的研究基础上,为更好地把握农村流通领域食品质量安全存在的问题及其原因,重点研究了农村夫妻店对食品质量安全的态度及其控制行为,并通过东西部案例研究,探讨如何提升欠发达地区农村夫妻店食品质量安全控制水平。本文的主要结论是：(1)农村零售环节夫妻店食品质量安全产生的原因包括农村居民安全意识较低、农村食品经营者素质有待提高、农村食品监管部门监管乏力等。(2)基于计划行为理论,本文构建了夫妻店食品质量安全控制行为分析框架,运用二元Logit模型,计算出影响其行为的主要因素包括行为目标、认知行为控制、消费者的压力、政府监管、经营者的年龄、受教育程度以及经营规模等。(3)通过对东西部夫妻店与连锁店的比较得出,欠发达地区夫妻店离完善的质量安全控制模式——连锁经营模式还存在一定的差距,考虑各项因素,认为欠发达地区应分步对夫妻店进行改造,首先当实施难度较大时,应对夫妻店进行监督和规范,等条件成熟时再向连锁经营模式发展。最后,经过分析和讨论,结合当前实际情况,提出相应的一些政策建议,为解决农村零售环节食品质量安全问题,完善农村食品流通体系,保障农民的合法权益提供参考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, people pay more and more attention to food quality and safety. Although the state has implemented various policies aimed at solving the problem of food quality and safety, all kinds of food quality and safety incidents still occur frequently, especially in rural areas. Food operators are backward in management, modern supermarkets are underdeveloped, and regulators at all levels often focus their attention on solving the problem of food quality and safety in urban areas, ignoring the quality and safety of food in rural areas. A large number of fake and shoddy products in cities flow to rural areas, making the countryside a serious disaster area for food quality and safety. According to the Ministry of Health statistics, food safety poisoning mostly occurred in remote rural areas. The frequent problems of food quality and safety in rural areas reveal that the supervision system of rural food quality and safety needs to be improved. The circulation link, especially the retail link, is an important and indispensable link in the food supply chain. It is an important bridge between producers and consumers, and its supervision and management should not be ignored. The practice at home and abroad shows that chain operation, as a modern circulation organization, is of great significance in improving the safety and efficiency of agricultural products, food products and circulation. However, due to the restriction of urban-rural dualization system, the development of rural retail industry in China is slow, coupled with the low entry threshold of retail trade, and the rapid development of individual industrial and commercial households, the husband and wife shops have become the rural areas at present. Especially, there are many problems in food quality and safety control and the development of supermarket because of the low degree of organization, poor operating conditions and backward management mode in the main places where residents purchase food in underdeveloped areas. Therefore, based on the previous studies, in order to better grasp the problems and reasons of food quality and safety in rural circulation field, this paper focuses on the attitude and control behavior of rural couples' shops on food quality and safety. And through the case study of the east and west, how to improve the food quality and safety control level of the rural couple shop in the underdeveloped area. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the reasons for the food quality and safety in the rural retail chain include the low safety awareness of the rural residents, and the quality of the rural food operators need to be improved. (2) based on the theory of planning behavior, this paper constructs the behavior analysis framework of food quality and safety control in husband and wife stores, and calculates the main factors that affect the behavior, including behavior objectives, using the dual Logit model. Cognitive behavior control, consumer pressure, government regulation, operator's age, education level and business scale. There is still a certain gap between the perfect quality and safety control mode of husband and wife store in underdeveloped area and the chain management mode. Considering the various factors, the author thinks that the husband and wife store should be reformed step by step in the underdeveloped area, first of all, when it is difficult to implement, We should supervise and standardize the husband and wife stores, and then develop to the chain management mode when the conditions are ripe. Finally, through the analysis and discussion, combined with the actual situation, some corresponding policy suggestions are put forward, which can provide reference for solving the problem of food quality and safety in rural retail links, perfecting the circulation system of rural food, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of farmers.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.82;F203

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