突发事件下两部收费契约协调闭环供应链研究

发布时间：2019-03-07 21:41

【摘要】：闭环供应链是一种将正向物流与逆向物流相结合的新型供应链管理模式,包括从原材料采购、生产加工、成品销售及废旧品回收再制造整个产品流动过程。节约了生产成本,实现了产品的循环再利用,近年来被许多企业认可并广泛应用,如惠普、施乐等。闭环供应链管理过程中由于各级成员都以各自利益最大化为目标,这就会引起“双重边际效应”问题,使得分散式决策闭环供应链的总利润达不到集中式决策的水平。基于此,采用契约对分散式决策闭环供应链进行协调,提高其运营绩效,就成为一个亟待解决的问题。但闭环供应链不可能一直处于相对稳定的环境中。突发事件的发生,如：自然灾害、生产事故等,会对运作良好的闭环供应链产生干扰。因此,如何利用契约使得分散式决策闭环供应链在稳定环境和突发事件干扰下均能实现协调就显得十分重要。本文研究主要有以下几方面的内容：第一,介绍闭环供应链的研究背景,对闭环供应链管理理论的相关研究进行综述,包括闭环供应链的概念及其结构,供应链契约协调理论,以及供应链应急管理理论等内容。第二,针对由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的零售商负责回收闭环供应链,研究其采用两部收费契约在稳定环境和突发事件干扰下的协调问题,并将模型进一步扩展到由个制造商和两个存在古诺竞争的零售商组成的闭环供应链。在稳定环境下,设计了个两部收费契约用以协调分散式决策闭环供应链。考虑突发事件干扰最大市场需求规模的情况,运用K-T条件得出了集中式决策闭环供应链的最优决策。分析表明：突发事件发生后,若分散式决策闭环供应链仍采用稳定环境下的两部收费契约,其协调被打破。因此,本文对稳定环境下两部收费契约中的契约参数进行改进,使改进后的两部收费契约可协调突发事件干扰下的分散式决策闭环供应链。第三、分别设计算例分析了突发事件干扰最大市场需求规模对单一零售商的闭环供应链和竞争零售商的闭环供应链的最优产品供货量、废旧品回收率以及系统总利润的影响,并对比了零售商对最优供货量和废旧品回收率及时做出调整和不做调整两种情况下的利润。研究得出：集中式决策闭环供应链的最优供货量、最优回收率和系统总利润随着最大市场需求规模的增大而增大。并且,当最大市场需求规模变化比较大时,零售商若及时做出反应,即调整产品最优供货量和回收率,则可提高自身利润；当最大市场需求规模变化比较小时,零售商不需对最优供货量和废旧品回收率做出调整,只需提高产品零售价格以保证利润不会降低。最后,对全文进行了总结,并对进一步的研究进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Closed-loop supply chain is a new mode of supply chain management, which combines forward logistics with reverse logistics. It includes purchasing of raw materials, production and processing, sale of finished products and recycling and remanufacturing of old products. In recent years, it has been recognized and widely used by many enterprises, such as Hewlett-Packard, Xerox, etc. In the process of closed-loop supply chain management, because the members at all levels aim to maximize their own interests, this will lead to the problem of "double marginal effect", which makes the total profit of closed-loop supply chain with decentralized decision-making less than the level of centralized decision-making. Based on this, it is an urgent problem to use contract to coordinate decentralized decision-making closed-loop supply chain and improve its operational performance. However, closed-loop supply chain can not always be in a relatively stable environment. The occurrence of unexpected events, such as natural disasters and production accidents, will interfere with the well-functioning closed-loop supply chain. Therefore, it is very important to make use of contract to make decentralized decision-making closed-loop supply chain realize coordination under stable environment and emergency disturbance. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the research background of closed-loop supply chain is introduced, and the related research of closed-loop supply chain management is summarized, including the concept and structure of closed-loop supply chain. Supply chain contract coordination theory, and supply chain emergency management theory and so on. Secondly, for a retailer composed of a manufacturer and a retailer responsible for recycling the closed-loop supply chain, the coordination problem of adopting two-part fee contract under stable environment and emergency disturbance is studied. The model is further extended to a closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and two retailers competing with Cournot. In the stable environment, a two-part fee contract is designed to coordinate the decentralized decision-making closed-loop supply chain. The optimal decision-making of the closed-loop supply chain with centralized decision-making is obtained by using the K ~ (t) condition, considering the case of the maximum demand scale of the market disturbed by emergency events. The analysis shows that if the decentralized decision-making closed-loop supply chain still adopts the two-part fee contract under stable environment after the emergency, its coordination will be broken. Therefore, in this paper, the contract parameters in the two-part fee contract under stable environment are improved, so that the improved two-part fee contract can coordinate the decentralized decision-making closed-loop supply chain under the disturbance of sudden events. Thirdly, the design examples are given to analyze the effect of the maximum market demand scale of emergency disturbance on the optimal product supply volume, scrap recovery rate and total profit of the closed-loop supply chain of single retailer and competitive retailer. Compared with the optimal supply volume and the recovery rate of scrap goods, the profit of retailers is adjusted in time and without adjustment. The results show that the optimal supply volume, the optimal recovery rate and the total profit of the closed-loop supply chain increase with the increase of the maximum market demand in the centralized decision-making closed-loop supply chain. Moreover, when the largest market demand changes greatly, retailers can improve their profits if they respond in a timely manner, that is, adjust the optimal supply volume and the recovery rate of the product. When the size of the largest market changes relatively little, retailers do not need to adjust the optimal supply volume and scrap recovery rate, but simply increase the retail price of the product to ensure that profits do not fall. Finally, the full text is summarized, and the future research is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F274

【参考文献】