面向大型场馆应急疏散的移动GIS系统研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 14:11

本文选题：移动GIS + 应急疏散　；参考：《北京邮电大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,国内大型剧院场馆、体育场馆、会展中心等公共建筑越来越多。作为大规模群众活动的大型设施,大型场馆往往是一个地区乃至城市的重要公共活动中心。由于这类建筑具有内部功能综合、技术设施复杂、人员高度集中等特征,潜在安全隐患较多,一旦发生事故,极易造成严重伤亡和重大经济损失,并会带来恶劣的社会影响。针对大型场馆复杂室内环境下应急疏散需求,本文基于移动GIS建立了大型场馆应急疏散模型和决策优化方法,阐述了如何利用移动GIS分析和优化室内复杂环境下最优路径,从理论和技术的角度为系统的设计及其实现的可行性奠定了基础,并在此基础上对面向大型场馆应急疏散的移动GIS系统进行设计与实现。本文重点做了以下几个方面的工作： 1.面向大型公共场馆应急疏散模型的建立在进行应急疏散建模的过程中需要考虑到疏散人员个体特征、人流密度、疏散环境等多方面的因素。本文采用一种基于人流密度的疏散速度计算方法,结合物联网环境监测技术和基于网格化设计的空间距离的计算,进行对公共场馆室内环境应急疏散的建模。 2.基于物联网感知技术的应急疏散路径分析无线传感器网络(WSN)具有自组织、可快速部署、屏蔽性强、无人值守等优点。本文采用WSN进行室内温、湿、亮度等环境数据的采集,为面向大型场馆应急疏散路径分析提供实时数据。 3.针对大型公共场馆复杂室内环境的移动GIS数据库的合理化设计本文对大型场馆室内环境采用网格化的管理,根据大型场馆的建筑结构和功能区域划分网格,将场馆的建筑结构及相应的环境参数作为网格区域的属性保存在空间数据库中。这种设计优化减少了数据的重复存储,优化了数据的存储结构。 4.基于ArcGIS Server的移动GIS应用设计与实现本文采用ESRI公司出品的ArcGIS Serve组件作为系统开发平台,结合WLAN、WSN等多项技术,提出了一套基于移动GIS的室内环境下移动客户端应急疏散实现方案。该方案将主要数据存储和计算放在服务器端实现,减轻了移动客户端的负担,提高了系统的运行效率。
[Abstract]:At present, the domestic large-scale theatres, sports venues, exhibition center and other public buildings more and more. As a large-scale mass-event facility, large-scale venues are often an important public activity center in a region or even a city. Because this kind of building has the characteristics of comprehensive internal function, complex technical facilities, highly concentrated personnel, and so on, there are many potential safety hidden dangers. Once an accident occurs, it is easy to cause serious casualties and heavy economic losses, and will bring bad social impact. Aiming at the emergency evacuation demand in complex indoor environment of large gymnasiums, this paper establishes the emergency evacuation model and decision optimization method for large venues based on mobile GIS, and expounds how to use mobile GIS to analyze and optimize the optimal path in complex indoor environment. It lays a foundation for the design and feasibility of the system from the theoretical and technical point of view, and then designs and implements the mobile GIS system for emergency evacuation of large venues. This paper focuses on the following aspects: 1. Establishment of emergency evacuation model for large public venues In the process of emergency evacuation modeling, many factors should be taken into account, such as the individual characteristics of evacuees, the density of people, the evacuation environment and so on. In this paper, a method of calculating evacuation velocity based on the density of people is used to model the emergency evacuation of indoor environment of public venues by combining the environmental monitoring technology of the Internet of things and the calculation of space distance based on the grid design. 2. Emergency evacuation path Analysis based on Internet of things perception Technology Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have the advantages of self-organization, rapid deployment, strong shielding and unattended. In this paper, WSN is used to collect indoor temperature, humidity, brightness and other environmental data, which provides real-time data for emergency evacuation path analysis of large gymnasiums. 3. Rationalization Design of Mobile GIS Database for complex Indoor Environment of large Public stadiums In this paper, the indoor environment of large gymnasiums is managed by grid. According to the building structure and functional area of large gymnasiums, the building structure and the corresponding environmental parameters of the stadiums are stored in the spatial database as attributes of the grid area. This design optimization reduces the repeated storage of data and optimizes the storage structure of data. 4. Design and implementation of Mobile GIS Application based on ArcGIS Server In this paper, the ArcGIS Serve component produced by ESRI Company is used as the system development platform, and a mobile client emergency evacuation scheme based on mobile GIS is put forward by combining with several technologies such as WLAN WSN and so on. This scheme puts the main data storage and calculation on the server side to reduce the burden of the mobile client and improve the efficiency of the system.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：P208

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