海南省旅游时空格局演变及协同发展研究
发布时间：2018-09-15 05:19
【摘要】：当前,海岛已经成为最受游客欢迎的旅游目的地,海岛旅游是全球旅游业重要组成部分,海岛旅游已经成为推动世界旅游业发展的重要力量。在海岛型旅游目的地中,又以热带海岛的游客吸引力最强。发展海岛旅游,已经成为各国抢占旅游市场的重要手段。海南作为我国唯一的一个热带海岛,旅游产品丰富多样,发展潜力巨大。但是,由于起步晚,基础差,与知名国际旅游岛之间仍有较大的差距,旅游发展中亦存在国际影响力较低、区域分工不明确、旅游产品同质化等诸多问题,影响了海南国际旅游岛建设的持续健康发展。但通过与全球180个主要海岛与50个主要半岛的综合比对发现,海南岛属于典型的“大型-依附型-多产业-多中心”海岛,发展面临的问题具有特殊性和典型性,对其进行研究,既有利于解决海南旅游发展中存在的问题,为海南国际旅游岛建设服务,又有利于拓展海岛旅游发展理论,为同类海岛旅游空间协同发展提供了理论支持和探索。为此,本文拟在深入分析海南旅游在时间和空间格局上的演变特点及规律,进而发现海南旅游发展中存在的问题、主要影响因素和驱动机制,并在对海南各市县空间旅游发展竞争力评价的基础上,分析全省旅游发展空间协调度及障碍因子诊断,进而制定全省旅游协同发展策略,为海南省旅游区域协同发展政策制定、投资方向的引导等提供决策依据。本文的主要内容和研究结论如下:一、从海南省建省开始,从时间序列分析海南省旅游发展历程,并从旅游接待人数、旅游收入和国际游客量三个指标,来寻找海南省旅游发展时间演变特点和规律。研究结果表明,海南从1988年建省到1996年期间,旅游飞速发展,但受国际、国内局势的影响,发展波动较大,发展规律不够明显;1996年之后,海南省旅游步入平稳发展阶段,且受交通、政策等因素的主要影响,在1996年、2004年、2009年和2014年又出现明显的变化拐点。从游客、旅游收入、国际游客、星级旅游景区和星级饭店建设等多个角度,研究自1996年以来随时间推移,海南省旅游在空间格局上的演变特点和规律。研究结果表明,从各个指标看,海南省都经历了海口一家独大,三亚的崛起并逐渐超过海口,再到海口—琼海—万宁—三亚线状延伸,逐渐发展到海口、三亚、万宁、琼海、陵水、保亭、儋州等市县全面展开,完成由点到线再到面状辐射的演变过程。但从空间差异性来看,海南省旅游发展具有明显的双核特点,海口市和三亚市两个核心在在各项旅游发展指标方面都处于绝对优势,其他市县旅游发展相对滞后,区域差距明显。从游客重心和消费重心演变规律看,二者在空间上和移动轨迹上具有一致性,但又有显著差别:一是海南省旅游接待重心和旅游消费重心都始终处在海南省地理几何中心稍偏东的位置,且呈现出逐年向南移动的演变态势,说明全省旅游发展在空间上不均衡,东部要优于西部,南部强于北部。二是全省旅游接待重心和旅游消费重心始终不重合,说明全省旅游发展质量差异显著,部分地区以观光旅游为主旺丁不旺财,投入和产出不成正比,进一步扩大了区域发展的不平衡性。从海南省旅游空间演变驱动力来看,资源条件、政策支持和交通干线的布局是影响旅游发展和空间布局的主要诱因。二、为科学评判海南省旅游发展空间竞争力水平、空间协调性及障碍因子,本文构建了包含旅游资源禀赋、社会经济发展水平、基础服务设施水平、国土空间集约利用水平、旅游发展现状水平、旅游增长潜力6个一级指标,15个二级指标和38个三级指标的评价体系。研究结果显示,从各市县旅游发展竞争力水平来看,三亚市和海口市最高,且远高于其实市县,万宁市、文昌市、琼海市和儋州市处于第二层次,陵水县、保亭县、乐东县处于第三层次,其他旅游发展竞争力水平较低。研究结果表明,各市县旅游发展竞争力与现状旅游发展水平基本保持一致,但亦有明显差异,旅游发展竞争力高于旅游现状发展水平的市县主要有文昌市、儋州市、保亭县和乐东县,文昌市和儋州资源禀赋较高,属于典型的旅游资源优势尚未充分发挥的市县,且文昌市依托文昌火箭发射基地和航天主题公园的建设,旅游发展潜力无限,儋州市处于西部核心位置,属于西部地区核心城市,社会经发达,历史文化旅游资源丰富,旅游驱动力和增长潜力较高;保亭县和乐东县这两个城市处于热带,气候环境质量较高,本身资源条件较好,又属于南部大三亚组团,受三亚市辐射带动影响较强,增长潜力较大。从全省旅游发展空间耦合协调关系来看,三亚市协调度最高,始终处于优良的状态,各指标发展水平均处于高位;海口市社会经济发展水平较高,基础服务设施比较完备,但资源禀赋条件不高,各指标发展不太均衡,整体处于中级协调状态;万宁市、琼海市、文昌市、儋州市和陵水县则处于勉强协调或濒临协调的阶段,这几个市县资源禀赋条件较高,但社会经济发展水平相对滞后,基础服务设施水平不够健全,土地利用效益较低,在一定程度上制约了旅游的发展;其他市县各项指标发展水平都较低,旅游发展空间耦合协调度也较低。从空间协调障碍影响因子来看,星级酒店数量及等级、住宿接待能力、市场影响力、A级以上景区数量及等级、固定资产投资、航空便利度、旅游用地面积、城市化水平、城乡居民可支配收入、等级公路里程等指标影响程度较大。三、本文通过概念界定,在全球180个海岛和50个典型半岛中进行筛选,得出与海南岛同为“大型-依附型-多产业-多中心”热带海岛的有爪哇岛、吕宋岛、苏门答腊岛、台湾岛、棉兰老岛、苏拉威西岛、西西里岛、四国岛等8个海岛,以及佛罗里达半岛、下加利福尼亚半岛、克里木半岛和伯罗奔尼撒半岛等4个半岛,共12个同类典型案例,并通过综合比选,最终锁定了佛罗里达这一旅游发展最为成功典型案例。佛罗里达旅游发展的成功经验表明,要实现“大型-依附型-多产业-多中心”海岛旅游的协同发展,首先,各区域之间要有明确的分工,形成良好的城市竞合关系;其次,要充分利用现有产业资源优势,形成特色鲜明的旅游产品,各区域之间形成旅游产品互补,有效避免产业雷同;第三,要建立便利的交通体系,形成四通八达的网状交通格局,提高各区域之间游客共享和转移的便利度;第四,必须要有在全球具有独特性、主题鲜明、吸引力较强的旅游产品;第五,立足国内游客市场优势,不断完善基础设施及服务水平,做好海外市场营销,逐步扩大国际影响力。四、海南省要开展全域旅游并实现区域协同发展,要按照“将全省作为一个市来经营”的理念进行全省的旅游开发,要站在全局的高度,统一规划全省旅游资源,明确功能分区和产品定位,切实做到资源共享、产品互补、互通有无。首先,在区域合作上,要充分发挥区域核心城市的辐射带动作用,形成以海口市为中心的北部组团、以三亚市为核心的南部组团、东部琼海市和万宁市组团、以儋州市为中心的西部组团和以五指山市为中心的中部组团,各组团在核心城市的引领带动下,作为一个整体实现资源互补、优势共享。其次,在产业分工上,各组团要结合自身资源优势,发展特色旅游产品,避免造成产品雷同和重复建设。北部主推商务会展+娱乐,南部主打休闲度假+高端旅游,东部强调康养+乡村田野休闲,西部发展工业旅游+商贸服务,中部则重点发展生态雨林探险+民俗文化旅游,形成全省区域分工明确、产品各具特色、优势互补的发展格局。最后,必须要做好交通便利度提升、信息一体化共享等关键要素的提升,破除阻碍区域协调发展的空间障碍,降低游客选择的时间成本和金钱成本,最终形成全省各区域旅游资源一体化、产品互相补充,全省旅游协调发展共同繁荣的局面。
[Abstract]:At present, islands have become the most popular tourist destinations, island tourism is an important part of global tourism, island tourism has become an important force to promote the development of world tourism. Hainan, as the only tropical island in China, has abundant tourism products and great potential for development. However, due to its late start and poor foundation, there is still a big gap between Hainan and famous international tourism islands. There are also many problems in tourism development, such as low international influence, unclear regional division of labor, homogenization of tourism products and so on. However, through a comprehensive comparison with 180 major islands and 50 major peninsulas in the world, it is found that Hainan Island belongs to the typical "large-scale-dependent-multi-industry-multi-center" islands, and the problems facing the development have particularity and typicality. To solve the problems existing in the development of Hainan's tourism, to serve the construction of Hainan's international tourism island, to expand the theory of island tourism development, and to provide theoretical support and exploration for the coordinated development of similar island tourism space. On the basis of evaluating the competitiveness of Hainan's spatial tourism development, this paper analyzes the spatial coordination degree and obstacle factor diagnosis of the whole province's tourism development, and then formulates the coordinated development strategy of the whole province's tourism so as to formulate the coordinated development policy for Hainan's tourism region. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. Starting from the establishment of Hainan Province, this paper analyzes the development process of tourism in Hainan Province from time series, and finds out the characteristics and laws of the evolution of tourism development time in Hainan Province from three indicators: the number of tourist receivers, tourism revenue and international tourist volume. It shows that Hainan's tourism has developed rapidly from 1988 to 1996, but influenced by the international and domestic situation, its development fluctuates greatly and the law of development is not obvious enough. After 1996, Hainan's tourism has stepped into a steady development stage, and is mainly influenced by transportation and policies. In 1996, 2004, 2009 and 2014, Hainan's tourism has changed significantly. From the perspectives of tourists, tourism revenue, international tourists, star-rated tourist attractions and star-rated hotel construction, this paper studies the evolution characteristics and laws of tourism spatial pattern in Hainan Province over time since 1996. Over Haikou, then to Haikou-Qionghai-Wanning-Sanya linear extension, gradually developed to Haikou, Sanya, Wanning, Qionghai, Lingshui, Baoting, Danzhou and other cities and counties to complete the evolution process from point to line to surface radiation. The two core cities are in absolute superiority in various tourism development indicators. The tourism development of other cities and counties is relatively backward, and the regional disparity is obvious. The center of gravity is always in the eastern part of Hainan Province's geographic geometry center, and shows the trend of moving to the South year by year. It shows that the development of tourism in Hainan Province is not balanced in space, the eastern part is better than the western part, and the southern part is stronger than the northern part. The difference is significant. Tourism is the main source of prosperity in some areas. Input and output are not in direct proportion, which further enlarges the imbalance of regional development. By judging the spatial competitiveness, spatial coordination and obstacle factors of tourism development in Hainan Province, this paper constructs six first-class indicators, 15 second-class indicators and 38 third-class indicators including tourism resource endowment, social and economic development level, basic service facilities level, land and space intensive utilization level, tourism development status, tourism growth potential. The results show that Sanya City and Haikou City are the highest and far higher than the actual cities and counties, Wanning City, Wenchang City, Qionghai City and Danzhou City are in the second level, Lingshui County, Baoting County and Ledong County are in the third level, and other tourism development competitiveness is low. The competitiveness of tourism development in all cities and counties is basically consistent with the current level of tourism development, but there are also obvious differences. The cities and counties whose competitiveness of tourism development is higher than the current level of tourism development are mainly Wenchang, Danzhou, Baoting and Ledong counties, Wenchang and Danzhou with relatively high resource endowments, and the typical advantages of tourism resources have not yet been brought into full play. With the construction of Wenchang rocket launching base and aerospace theme park, Wenchang has unlimited potential for tourism development. Danzhou is in the core position of the western region, belonging to the core city of the western region, with developed social economy, rich historical and cultural tourism resources, and high tourism driving force and growth potential. In the tropics, the climate and environment quality is high, and the resource condition is good. It belongs to the Dasanya Group in the south. It is strongly influenced by the radiation of Sanya City and has great growth potential. The level of economic development is relatively high and the basic service facilities are relatively complete, but the resource endowment conditions are not high, the development of various indicators is not balanced, and the overall situation is in a state of intermediate coordination; Wanning, Qionghai, Wenchang, Danzhou and Lingshui are in a stage of reluctant coordination or near coordination, and these cities and counties have relatively high resource endowment conditions, but the socio-economic conditions are high. The development level is relatively backward, the level of basic service facilities is not perfect, and the land use efficiency is low, which restricts the development of tourism to a certain extent; the development level of other cities and counties is low, and the spatial coupling and coordination degree of tourism development is also low. Capacity, market influence, number and grade of scenic spots above A level, fixed assets investment, aviation convenience, area of tourist land, urbanization level, disposable income of urban and rural residents, grade highway mileage and other indicators have a greater impact. 3. This paper defines the concept of 180 islands and 50 typical peninsulas in the world through screening, and concludes with the sea. South Island is also a "large-dependent-multi-industry-multi-center" tropical island with Java, Luzon, Sumatra, Taiwan, Mindanao, Sulawesi, Sicily, Sicily and other eight islands, as well as Florida Peninsula, Lower California Peninsula, the Kremlin Peninsula and the Peloponnese Peninsula, a total of 12 in common The successful experience of tourism development in Florida shows that in order to achieve the coordinated development of "large-scale-dependent-multi-industry-multi-center" island tourism, first of all, there must be a clear division of labor among regions to form a good city. Secondly, we should make full use of the advantages of existing industrial resources to form distinctive tourism products, and form complementary tourism products among different regions to effectively avoid industrial similarities; thirdly, we should establish a convenient transportation system, form a network traffic pattern in all directions, and improve the convenience of tourists sharing and transferring among different regions. There must be unique, thematic and attractive tourism products in the world. Fifth, based on the advantages of the domestic tourist market, we should constantly improve the infrastructure and service level, do a good job of overseas marketing, and gradually expand international influence. Fourth, Hainan Province should carry out tourism in the whole region and achieve regional coordinated development, in accordance with the "make the whole province work" To carry out the tourism development of the whole province for the idea of "operating for a city", we should stand on the overall height, unify the planning of the tourism resources of the whole province, define the functional zoning and product positioning, practically share resources, complement each other's products and exchange needs. First of all, in the regional cooperation, we should give full play to the radiation leading role of the regional core cities to form the Haikou. The northern group centered on the city, the southern group centered on Sanya, the eastern Qionghai city and Wanning city, the western group centered on Danzhou and the central group centered on Wuzhishan city, each group, led by the core city, as a whole, realizes complementarity of resources and sharing of advantages. Each group should combine its own resource advantages to develop characteristic tourism products and avoid duplicate construction. The northern region mainly promotes business exhibition + entertainment, the southern region focuses on leisure vacation + high-end tourism, the eastern region emphasizes recreation + rural field leisure, the western region develops industrial tourism + business and trade services, and the central region focuses on developing ecological rainforest exploration + folk customs. Finally, we must do a good job to improve the transportation convenience, information integration and sharing and other key elements, break the space barriers that hinder the coordinated development of the region, reduce the time cost and money cost of tourists'choice, and finally form the province's various regions. Regional tourism resources integration, products complement each other, the province's tourism coordinated development and common prosperity.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F592.7
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本文编号：2243900
[Abstract]:At present, islands have become the most popular tourist destinations, island tourism is an important part of global tourism, island tourism has become an important force to promote the development of world tourism. Hainan, as the only tropical island in China, has abundant tourism products and great potential for development. However, due to its late start and poor foundation, there is still a big gap between Hainan and famous international tourism islands. There are also many problems in tourism development, such as low international influence, unclear regional division of labor, homogenization of tourism products and so on. However, through a comprehensive comparison with 180 major islands and 50 major peninsulas in the world, it is found that Hainan Island belongs to the typical "large-scale-dependent-multi-industry-multi-center" islands, and the problems facing the development have particularity and typicality. To solve the problems existing in the development of Hainan's tourism, to serve the construction of Hainan's international tourism island, to expand the theory of island tourism development, and to provide theoretical support and exploration for the coordinated development of similar island tourism space. On the basis of evaluating the competitiveness of Hainan's spatial tourism development, this paper analyzes the spatial coordination degree and obstacle factor diagnosis of the whole province's tourism development, and then formulates the coordinated development strategy of the whole province's tourism so as to formulate the coordinated development policy for Hainan's tourism region. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. Starting from the establishment of Hainan Province, this paper analyzes the development process of tourism in Hainan Province from time series, and finds out the characteristics and laws of the evolution of tourism development time in Hainan Province from three indicators: the number of tourist receivers, tourism revenue and international tourist volume. It shows that Hainan's tourism has developed rapidly from 1988 to 1996, but influenced by the international and domestic situation, its development fluctuates greatly and the law of development is not obvious enough. After 1996, Hainan's tourism has stepped into a steady development stage, and is mainly influenced by transportation and policies. In 1996, 2004, 2009 and 2014, Hainan's tourism has changed significantly. From the perspectives of tourists, tourism revenue, international tourists, star-rated tourist attractions and star-rated hotel construction, this paper studies the evolution characteristics and laws of tourism spatial pattern in Hainan Province over time since 1996. Over Haikou, then to Haikou-Qionghai-Wanning-Sanya linear extension, gradually developed to Haikou, Sanya, Wanning, Qionghai, Lingshui, Baoting, Danzhou and other cities and counties to complete the evolution process from point to line to surface radiation. The two core cities are in absolute superiority in various tourism development indicators. The tourism development of other cities and counties is relatively backward, and the regional disparity is obvious. The center of gravity is always in the eastern part of Hainan Province's geographic geometry center, and shows the trend of moving to the South year by year. It shows that the development of tourism in Hainan Province is not balanced in space, the eastern part is better than the western part, and the southern part is stronger than the northern part. The difference is significant. Tourism is the main source of prosperity in some areas. Input and output are not in direct proportion, which further enlarges the imbalance of regional development. By judging the spatial competitiveness, spatial coordination and obstacle factors of tourism development in Hainan Province, this paper constructs six first-class indicators, 15 second-class indicators and 38 third-class indicators including tourism resource endowment, social and economic development level, basic service facilities level, land and space intensive utilization level, tourism development status, tourism growth potential. The results show that Sanya City and Haikou City are the highest and far higher than the actual cities and counties, Wanning City, Wenchang City, Qionghai City and Danzhou City are in the second level, Lingshui County, Baoting County and Ledong County are in the third level, and other tourism development competitiveness is low. The competitiveness of tourism development in all cities and counties is basically consistent with the current level of tourism development, but there are also obvious differences. The cities and counties whose competitiveness of tourism development is higher than the current level of tourism development are mainly Wenchang, Danzhou, Baoting and Ledong counties, Wenchang and Danzhou with relatively high resource endowments, and the typical advantages of tourism resources have not yet been brought into full play. With the construction of Wenchang rocket launching base and aerospace theme park, Wenchang has unlimited potential for tourism development. Danzhou is in the core position of the western region, belonging to the core city of the western region, with developed social economy, rich historical and cultural tourism resources, and high tourism driving force and growth potential. In the tropics, the climate and environment quality is high, and the resource condition is good. It belongs to the Dasanya Group in the south. It is strongly influenced by the radiation of Sanya City and has great growth potential. The level of economic development is relatively high and the basic service facilities are relatively complete, but the resource endowment conditions are not high, the development of various indicators is not balanced, and the overall situation is in a state of intermediate coordination; Wanning, Qionghai, Wenchang, Danzhou and Lingshui are in a stage of reluctant coordination or near coordination, and these cities and counties have relatively high resource endowment conditions, but the socio-economic conditions are high. The development level is relatively backward, the level of basic service facilities is not perfect, and the land use efficiency is low, which restricts the development of tourism to a certain extent; the development level of other cities and counties is low, and the spatial coupling and coordination degree of tourism development is also low. Capacity, market influence, number and grade of scenic spots above A level, fixed assets investment, aviation convenience, area of tourist land, urbanization level, disposable income of urban and rural residents, grade highway mileage and other indicators have a greater impact. 3. This paper defines the concept of 180 islands and 50 typical peninsulas in the world through screening, and concludes with the sea. South Island is also a "large-dependent-multi-industry-multi-center" tropical island with Java, Luzon, Sumatra, Taiwan, Mindanao, Sulawesi, Sicily, Sicily and other eight islands, as well as Florida Peninsula, Lower California Peninsula, the Kremlin Peninsula and the Peloponnese Peninsula, a total of 12 in common The successful experience of tourism development in Florida shows that in order to achieve the coordinated development of "large-scale-dependent-multi-industry-multi-center" island tourism, first of all, there must be a clear division of labor among regions to form a good city. Secondly, we should make full use of the advantages of existing industrial resources to form distinctive tourism products, and form complementary tourism products among different regions to effectively avoid industrial similarities; thirdly, we should establish a convenient transportation system, form a network traffic pattern in all directions, and improve the convenience of tourists sharing and transferring among different regions. There must be unique, thematic and attractive tourism products in the world. Fifth, based on the advantages of the domestic tourist market, we should constantly improve the infrastructure and service level, do a good job of overseas marketing, and gradually expand international influence. Fourth, Hainan Province should carry out tourism in the whole region and achieve regional coordinated development, in accordance with the "make the whole province work" To carry out the tourism development of the whole province for the idea of "operating for a city", we should stand on the overall height, unify the planning of the tourism resources of the whole province, define the functional zoning and product positioning, practically share resources, complement each other's products and exchange needs. First of all, in the regional cooperation, we should give full play to the radiation leading role of the regional core cities to form the Haikou. The northern group centered on the city, the southern group centered on Sanya, the eastern Qionghai city and Wanning city, the western group centered on Danzhou and the central group centered on Wuzhishan city, each group, led by the core city, as a whole, realizes complementarity of resources and sharing of advantages. Each group should combine its own resource advantages to develop characteristic tourism products and avoid duplicate construction. The northern region mainly promotes business exhibition + entertainment, the southern region focuses on leisure vacation + high-end tourism, the eastern region emphasizes recreation + rural field leisure, the western region develops industrial tourism + business and trade services, and the central region focuses on developing ecological rainforest exploration + folk customs. Finally, we must do a good job to improve the transportation convenience, information integration and sharing and other key elements, break the space barriers that hinder the coordinated development of the region, reduce the time cost and money cost of tourists'choice, and finally form the province's various regions. Regional tourism resources integration, products complement each other, the province's tourism coordinated development and common prosperity.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F592.7
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本文编号：2243900
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