我国上市商业银行绩效与中间业务效率的实证研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 21:35

本文关键词：我国上市商业银行绩效与中间业务效率的实证研究　出处：《西南财经大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中间业务是现代商业银行盈利的三种业务之一,它在不占用或少占用银行资金的情况下为银行带来非利息收入,在不改变资产负债总额的情况下扩大了资金运用。同时,中间业务可以促进商业银行收入结构多元化发展,提高综合经营效益,分散银行风险。20世纪70年代开始,中间业务逐步成为国际银行发展的主动力,是商业银行综合竞争力提升的推动力量。而我国银行业长期处于分业经营与利率、汇率管制的政策背景下,中间业务发展起步晚且产品经营领域受到严重限制,致使银行收入结构不平衡。2001年,我国加入了世贸组织,银行业及相关监管机构开始重视商业银行收入结构的合理性,推出一系列鼓励中间业务经营的法律规范。在政策鼓励与同业竞争的背景下,各大银行积极发展中间业务,在快速提高中间业务净收入占比的同时不断扩展中间业务产品类型,从‘量’上实现了商业银行收入结构的调整。但同时,中间业务‘质’的不足开始显现,如高附加值产品较少、风险控制能力不足、收费定价不规范等问题。由于中间业务更易受到外部政策和市场环境的影响,在监管不力的情况下,其隐蔽、多样的风险更易触发,盲目过快地推出大量中间业务产品,不但耗费银行成本,还会为银行带来潜在风险。中间业务发展是一把“双刃剑”,在我国银行业经营环境不断变化的大背景下,分析银行间中间业务经营效率的差异、探讨中间业务发展对银行业综合实力提升产生的影响尤为必要,可以对银行业中间业务发展的经营管理方向做出有益探索。 1.本文研究思路在回顾银行绩效评价、中间业务外部效应等相关学术研究的基础上,本文对中间业务的概念与经营范围进行了界定,简要介绍银行绩效CAMELS评价指标体系与中间业务效率分析的相关理论,概述因子分析与非参数数据包络方法(DEA)的相关知识。实证研究部分,本文首先选择17家上市商业银行2005-2010年的数据作为样本,按照经营规模对样本进行归类划分。其次,在CAMELS评价法与DEA中介法框架内分别选取反映银行绩效与中间业务效率的指标。再次,在对相关指标进行描述统计分析的基础上,运用因子分析法得到商业银行经营绩效与经营规模的因子得分,运用非参数数据包络法(DEA)得到我国商业银行中间业务发展效率。另外,通过对因子得分与效率得分进行横向、纵向对比,从微观上把握银行绩效与中间业务效率的现状。最后,通过Pearson相关系数检验,从宏观上分析银行绩效与中间业务效率的相关性,探寻中间业务正负面效应的作用效果,在此基础上有针对性地提出改进中间业务经营的政策建议。 2.本文研究内容第一章,绪论。在分析选题背景意义的基础上明确研究目的,介绍本文研究思路和实证方法,概述研究内容框架作后,点明本文研究特色。第二章,文献综述。分类总结国内外商业银行绩效及影响因素、中间业务发展与银行绩效相关性的学术研究,概述影响中间业务发展的相关结论,在此基础上,总结已有文献在方法论上值得借鉴与需要改进的地方。第三章,理论与方法介绍。概述CAMELS绩效评价体系,对中间业务进行界定,介绍因子分析、数据包络DEA等实证方法。第四章,银行绩效与经营规模的实证研究。首先运用描述统计方法分析2005-2010年我国上市商业银行经营绩效指标,然后通过因子分析计算银行综合绩效得分与经营规模得分,对2005-2010年计算结果进行排名,并对银行绩效变动、银行规模变动进行总结分析。第五章,中间业务效率实证研究。首先对我国商业银行中间业务阶段性经营成果进行描述统计分析。然后运用BCC模型与Super-Efficiency模型计算中间业务效率,并对2005-2010年商业银行效率得分与排名变动进行分析。第六章,银行绩效、中间业务效率、银行经营规模的相关性分析。分别对银行绩效、中间业务效率、银行经营规模进行Pearson相关性检验,在实证研究结果的基础上进一步分析其产生的原因。第七章,结论与不足。概述中间业务效率与银行绩效相关性的研究结果,提出政策建议,总结本文研究不足之处。 3.主要研究结论本文在CAMELS评价体系基础上,运用指标描述统计法、因子效率得分排名比较法,对银行间绩效与中间业务效率进行横纵向对比分析,运用Pearson相关系数检验中间业务效率与银行绩效的关系,得到以下结论： (1)商业银行绩效水平不断提升,国有控股居中等水平且稳定增长、中小股份制水平偏低且内部差异较大、地方商业水平较高但缺乏稳定性。具体而言,国有控股盈利能力高且稳步提升,资本实力强但优势递减,资产质量差但改善较快,流动性平稳合理；中小股份制盈利能力与资本实力低但不断提升,资产质量高且不断优化,流动性稳定偏高；地方商业银行盈利能力与资本实力高但波动幅度大,资产质量与流动性大幅下跌。 (2)商业银行中间业务规模不断扩大且银行间经营效率差异凸显,国有控股市场优势显著且效率偏高,中小股份制快速增长但效率偏低、地方商业市场劣势明显且效率差异较大。具体而言,国有控股净收入及其占比偏高且增长快速,规模投入偏高导致效率降低；中小股份制净收入高速增长且占比差异大,规模投入不足且技术效率偏低：地方商业净收入及其占比偏低且增长缓慢,效率差异大且波动无明显规律。 (3)中间业务效率与银行绩效是正相关,但显著性水平是波动的。其中,中间业务效率与盈利能力正相关,但经济环境变动引起显著性水平出现波动；资本实力与中间业务效率正相关,但显著性水平受政策法规影响；伴随着银行业资产质量的同质化,资产质量与中间业务效率的正相关性逐步消失；受中间业务经营产品影响致使中间业务效率与流动因子相关性不显著。此外,银行经营规模与银行绩效及中间业务效率的相关性不显著。综合而言,现阶段我国商业银行中间业务发展与银行盈利能力是正向促进关系,但中间业务发展与银行风险抵御能力的关系不明朗,只有在银行监管更加规范、金融市场体系更加成熟的情况下,中间业务发展与银行绩效的相关性才能更加清晰。基于此,各商业银行要根据自身情况,分步骤、有重点地发展中间业务品种、扩展业务规模,通过弥补绩效水平与中间业务经营的不足,在控制中间业务投入成本与经营风险的前提下,最大程度发挥中间业务对银行绩效的优化作用。 4.研究特色纵观全文,本文具有以下三方面的特色： (1)实证研究方面,本文尝试将非参数数据包络(DEA)方法引入银行中间业务评价领域,从效率角度综合评价中间业务发展现状。现有文献多通过国内外非利息收入占比的比较,反映我国商业银行中间业务经营水平,几乎没有考虑从经营效率角度做出进一步分析,本文对拓展中间业务评价方法做出了有益尝试。 (2)指标选取方面,本文基于CAMELS评价体系与DEA中介法,综合评价银行绩效与中间业务发展水平。首先,本文尝试用银行绩效因子综合反映银行盈利能力与风险抵御能力,通过银行绩效与中间业务效率的相关性分析,探讨现阶段我国银行业中间业务发展的综合作用效果。其次,本文用成本投入与收入产出综合反映中间业务经营水平,拓展了手续费净收入等单一财务指标的评价范围。 (3)研究对象方面,本文细分我国银行业市场结构,针对性分析银行间经营差异。我国商业银行规模体制多样化,仅从整体分析银行绩效与中间业务效率的相关性,难以反映个体间差异问题,缺乏实’践指导意义。本文尝试通过归类分析,挖掘银行绩效与中间业务效率微观影响因素,为不同规模商业银行中间业务的发展提供专项建议。
[Abstract]:Intermediary business is one of the three business of modern commercial bank profitability, it does not occupy or less occupation of bank funds caused by non interest income for the bank, without changing the total balance of the expansion of the use of funds. At the same time, the intermediate business of commercial bank income structure can promote diversified development, improve overall operating efficiency and spread the risk of bank.20 century 70s, intermediate business has gradually become the active force of international banking development, is the driving force to enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of commercial banks. China's banking industry is in a long-term operation and interest rate, exchange rate policy under the background of the development of intermediate business started late and product management field is severely limited, resulting in the bank the unbalanced income structure for.2001 years, China's accession to the WTO, the banking regulatory agencies and began to pay attention to the income structure of commercial banks is reasonable , launched a series of encouraging intermediate business management laws and regulations. In the policy to encourage and competition under the background of developing the intermediary business banks, the rapid increase in net income ratio of the intermediate businesses and expanding intermediate business products, from the "quantity" on the adjustment of the income structure of commercial banks. But at the same time, lack of intermediary business in "quality" began to appear, such as high value-added products less, risk control ability is insufficient, pricing problem is not standardized. Because of the intermediate business more easily influenced by the external policy and market environment, the lack of supervision, its concealment, various risks are likely to trigger, blind too soon to launch a large number of intermediate business products, not only cost the bank cost, but also bring potential risks for the bank. It is a "double-edged sword" intermediary business development in China's banking industry business environment changing Under the background, it is necessary to analyze the differences in the efficiency of interbank intermediary business. It is particularly necessary to explore the impact of the development of intermediary business on the comprehensive strength of banking industry, and make a useful exploration for the management direction of the development of banking intermediary business.
1. research ideas
In the review of bank performance evaluation based on intermediate business external effects and other related academic, the concept of the intermediary business and business scope, brief introduction of CAMELS bank performance evaluation index system and the intermediate business theory of efficiency analysis, overview of factor analysis and nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) related knowledge at the part of empirical research, this paper selected the data from 17 Listed Commercial Banks in 2005-2010 as the sample, in accordance with the scale of operation is classified in the sample. Secondly, the CAMELS evaluation method and DEA method respectively in the intermediary frame selected to reflect the bank performance and the intermediary business efficiency index. Thirdly, based on the descriptive statistical analysis of correlation the index, using the factor analysis method to get scores of the performance of commercial banks and the scale of operation, using the non parameter data envelopment analysis (DEA) in China Commercial bank intermediary business development efficiency. In addition, through horizontal, the factor score and the efficiency score of longitudinal contrast, grasp the status of bank performance and intermediary business efficiency from the microscopic point. Finally, through the Pearson correlation coefficient test, correlation analysis between bank performance and business efficiency from the macro, to explore the effect of the intermediate business of the positive and negative effects on this basis, puts forward the improvement of intermediary business policy recommendations.
2. the content of this paper
The first chapter is the introduction. On the basis of analyzing the background significance of the selected topic, we clarify the purpose of the study, introduce the research ideas and empirical methods of this paper, and outline the research framework after doing the research, and point out the characteristics of this research.
The second chapter, literature review. The classification of factors of domestic and foreign commercial bank performance and the influence of academic research correlation between the development of intermediate business and bank performance, the effects of the relevant conclusions to the development of intermediary business, based on the summary of the existing literature on methodology and it is worth learning place needs to be improved.
The third chapter, the introduction of the theory and method, summarizes the CAMELS performance evaluation system, defines the intermediary business, introduces the factor analysis, and the data envelopment DEA and other empirical methods.
The fourth chapter, an empirical study on bank performance and business scale. Firstly, listed 2005-2010 years of commercial banks operating performance indicators by using descriptive statistical methods, and then through the factor analysis to calculate the score and the score of the comprehensive performance of bank business scale, ranking the results for 2005-2010 years, and changes in the performance of banks, bank scale changes were analyzed.
The fifth chapter, empirical research on the efficiency of intermediate business. The intermediate business of commercial banks in China stage operating results of descriptive statistical analysis. Then the calculation of intermediate business efficiency by using BCC model and Super-Efficiency model, and the 2005-2010 commercial bank efficiency scores and ranking changes were analyzed.
The sixth chapter is about the correlation analysis of bank performance, intermediate business efficiency and bank operation scale. It conducts Pearson correlation test on bank performance, intermediate business efficiency and bank operation scale, and further analyzes the causes based on the empirical results.
The seventh chapter, conclusions and deficiencies. Summarize the research results of the correlation between the efficiency of intermediary business and the performance of the bank, put forward the policy recommendations, and summarize the shortcomings of this study.
3. the main conclusions of the study based on the CAMELS evaluation system, using the index of descriptive statistical analysis, factor scoring efficiency comparison method, analysis of horizontal and vertical contrast on the performance and efficiency of intermediary business between banks, using Pearson correlation coefficient test of intermediate business efficiency and bank performance, obtained the following conclusions:
(1) improve the performance of commercial banks, state-owned holding the middle level and the stable growth of small and medium-sized joint-stock level is low and the internal differences, the local commercial high level but lack of stability. In particular, the state-owned holding high profitability and strong capital strength steadily, but the advantage of decreasing, but the poor quality of assets to improve rapidly. Liquidity is stable and reasonable; profitability and capital strength of small and medium-sized joint-stock low but rising assets, high quality and continuous optimization, high liquidity and stable; the local commercial bank profitability and capital strength of Gao Danbo amplitude is large, the quality of assets and liquidity fell sharply.
(2) the intermediate business of commercial banks continues to expand the scale and inter bank operating efficiency differences between state-owned holding market highlights the significant advantages and the efficiency is high, the rapid growth of small and medium-sized joint-stock commercial market place but the efficiency is low, and the efficiency is obvious disadvantage differences. Specifically, the state-owned holding net income and the proportion of high and rapid growth, the scale of investment. To reduce the efficiency of small and medium-sized joint-stock; net income growth and the proportion of different scale, inadequate investment and low technical efficiency: local business net income and the proportion of low and slow growth, efficiency difference and fluctuation has no obvious regularity.
(3) between intermediary business and bank performance is positively related, but the level is significant fluctuations. Among them, the intermediate business is positively correlated with profitability, but the economic environment changes caused significant levels fluctuate; capital strength and intermediate business is positively related to the efficiency, but the level of significance by policies and regulations; with the bank industry asset quality homogenization, is the relationship between the asset quality and efficiency of the intermediate business gradually disappear; influence of intermediary business products resulted in no significant correlation between intermediary business efficiency and flow factor. In addition, no significant correlation between bank size and bank performance and intermediary business efficiency.
Overall, the current stage of development and profitability of bank intermediate business of commercial banks in China is to promote a positive relationship, but the relationship between development and bank intermediary business ability to resist risks is not clear, only in the banking supervision system of financial market more standardized, more mature, correlation to the development of intermediate business and bank performance based on more clearly. This, the commercial banks according to their own situation, step by step, to focus on the development of intermediate business varieties, expand business scale, the performance level and make up for the lack of intermediary business, in the premise of intermediate business cost and business risk, maximize the optimization effect of intermediate business on the bank's performance.
4. characteristics of research
Looking at the full text, this article has the following three aspects:
(1) the empirical research, this paper attempts to use the non parameter data envelopment (DEA) method is introduced into the banking intermediary business evaluation field, from the development of middle business comprehensive evaluation efficiency perspective. Many of the existing literature at home and abroad through the proportion of non interest income comparison, reflect our country commercial bank intermediary business management level, almost no consideration to further analysis from the angle of operating efficiency, this paper makes a good attempt to evaluate the development of intermediate business.
(2) the CAMELS index selection, evaluation system and DEA intermediary method based on comprehensive evaluation of bank performance and intermediate business development. Firstly, this paper attempts to use the bank performance factor reflects the bank profitability and ability to resist risks, analysis of the correlation between bank performance and service efficiency through the middle industry, discusses the comprehensive effect of intermediate business at this stage the development of China's banking industry. Secondly, the cost and income output reflects the intermediary business management level, expand the net fee income single financial index evaluation.
(3) the research object, this paper divided structure of China's banking market, according to analysis of interbank business differences. The size of China's commercial banks system diversification, only from the overall correlation between bank performance and business efficiency, it is difficult to reflect the differences between individuals, the lack of real practical significance. This paper attempts to classify analysis of mining micro influencing factors of bank performance and intermediary business efficiency, provide specific recommendations for the development of the intermediate business of commercial banks of different sizes.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.2

【引证文献】