中日对外直接投资比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 11:23

本文关键词：中日对外直接投资比较研究　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国经济在改革开放的三十年中得到了快速的发展。中国政府于2000年提出中国经济“走出去”的战略，对外直接投资被提升至国家发展战略的高度。对外直接投资是中国企业获取资源和开拓市场的途径，同时也是中国国内产业结构升级的一个重要手段。本文希望通过对中国现阶段与日本50年代到80年代间两国对外直接投资的区位选择、产业选择、投资主体选择和政策变化等几方面的比较研究，找出两国的异同，进而得到一些对中国对外直接投资的启示。本文首先介绍了关于对外直接投资区位、产业、投资主体选择相关的理论。包括英国经济学家邓宁提出的国际生产折衷论、日本经济学家小岛清提出的边际产业扩张理论以及由英国学者坎特韦尔和托兰惕诺共同提出的技术创新产业升级理论等。这些理论对于中日两国对外直接投资有一定的指导意义。利用这些理论对中日两国对外直接投资的区位选择、产业选择和投资主体选择进行了比较，发现以下不同：两国对外直接投资区位选择的多元化程度不同。日本对外直接投资区位选择多元化程度较高；中国的对外直接投资区域过于集中。主要集中在亚洲和拉美等地区，对欧美等发达国家的投资所占比重较低。两国对外直接投资对产业结构调整的作用不同。日本通过对外直接投资有效促进了国内产业结构升级；中国没能有效利用对外直接投资将国内过剩的生产能力和具有比较劣势的产业转移出去，对国内产业结构升级没能起到促进作用。两国对外直接投资主体多元化程度不同。日本对外直接投资主体是以大型跨国公司为主，同时中小企业占有一定比重；中国对外直接投资主体以国有大型企业为主，中小企业在对外直接投资中所占比重较低。然后比较了中日两国对外直接投资政策的转变。总体上看，中国对外直接投资政策正在朝着适合中国对外直接投资发展的方向调整。说明中国政府已经开始有意识的利用政策引导中国企业进行对外投资。但中国的战略目标不够明确，中国目前对“走出去”的战略目标的表述不够明确。政府审批程序复杂、效率低下，同时对中小企业进行海外投资的支持力度不够。最后基于对中日两国对外直接投资的比较分析提出了相应的政策建议。中国应当有针对性的加大对欧美等发达国的地区的对外直接投资；利用对外直接投资促进国内产业结构的升级；增强投资主体多元化程度，加强对中小企业进行对外直接投资的支持力度；明确战略目标，减少繁琐的审批程序，，加强政策扶持。
[Abstract]:China's economy has developed rapidly in the past 30 years of reform and opening up. In 2000, the Chinese government put forward the strategy of "going out" of the Chinese economy. Foreign direct investment (OFDI) has been promoted to the height of national development strategy. OFDI is the way for Chinese enterprises to obtain resources and open up markets. At the same time, it is also an important means of upgrading China's domestic industrial structure. This paper hopes to choose the location and industry of FDI between China and Japan from 50s to 80s. Through the comparative study of the choice of investment subject and the change of policy, the similarities and differences between the two countries are found, and the enlightenment to China's foreign direct investment is obtained. This paper first introduces the theory of FDI location, industry and investment subject selection, including the international production compromise theory put forward by Dunning, a British economist. The theory of marginal industrial expansion put forward by Japanese economist Kiyoshi Kojima and the theory of industrial upgrading of technological innovation put forward by British scholars Cantwell and Torrentino. These theories have a great impact on foreign direct investment (FDI) between China and Japan. Use these theories to choose the location of FDI between China and Japan. Comparing the choice of industry with the choice of investment subject, the author finds the following differences: the degree of diversification of location choice of FDI is different between the two countries, and the degree of diversification of FDI location choice of Japan is higher; China's OFDI region is too concentrated, mainly in Asia and Latin America and other regions. The proportion of investment in developed countries such as Europe and America is relatively low. The role of FDI in industrial structure adjustment is different between the two countries. Japan has effectively promoted the upgrading of domestic industrial structure through FDI. China has not been able to make effective use of foreign direct investment (FDI) to transfer its excess domestic production capacity and industries with comparative disadvantages. The two countries have different degrees of diversification of the main body of foreign direct investment. The main body of Japanese foreign direct investment is mainly large multinational corporations, while small and medium-sized enterprises occupy a certain proportion; The main body of China's foreign direct investment is state-owned large enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises account for a low proportion of foreign direct investment. Then it compares the changes of FDI policies between China and Japan. China's foreign direct investment policy is being adjusted in a direction suitable for the development of china's foreign direct investment. This indicates that the Chinese government has begun to consciously use the policy to guide Chinese enterprises to invest abroad. But china's strategic objectives. Not clear enough. China's current strategic goal of "going out" is not clear enough. The government's approval process is complex and inefficient, and its support for small and medium-sized enterprises to invest abroad is inadequate. Finally, based on the comparative analysis of foreign direct investment between China and Japan, the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward. To promote the upgrading of domestic industrial structure by using outward direct investment (OFDI); Strengthening the diversification of investment subjects and strengthening the support for SMEs in outward direct investment; Clear strategic objectives, reduce cumbersome approval procedures, and strengthen policy support.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.6;F833.13

【引证文献】