面向“三农”的金融机构协调发展研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 04:36

本文关键词： “三农” 金融机构协调发展系统特征金融共生金融分工　出处：《湖南大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：党中央和国务院高度重视“三农”，自2004年以来连续9年的“中央一号文件”强调“三农”问题。在农业发展、农民增收和新农村建设领域，相继出台了系列政策，旨在加强农业基础地位，走特色农业现代化之路，建立以工促农、以城带乡长效机制，形成城乡经济社会一体化新格局。农村金融是农村经济的核心。改革开放以来，我国重建了农村金融体系，农村金融规模不断扩大，对推动农村经济发展发挥了重要作用。但是，农村金融的改革步伐还没有跟上农村经济转型对金融服务不断增长的需求，如农村金融服务空白乡镇依然存在，农户仍普遍面临不同程度的信贷约束，政策性金融业务萎缩而且与商业性金融业务交叉竞争，农村保险严重滞后等问题仍然突出。我国农村金融市场“二元”金融结构特征明显，正规农村金融机构与非正规农村金融机构并存。农村正规金融机构体系经历了历史上的农村合作性金融机构为主到现行的合作性金融、商业性金融及政策性金融机构并存的格局。目前，三类农村金融机构都从战略层面上高调支持“三农”，如农村信用社等合作性金融机构充当支农主力，改制后的农业银行仍设立“三农”事业部，，邮政储蓄银行定位于服务“三农”等。但三类金融机构服务“三农”时缺乏共生动力，信息沟通不畅，支农尚未形成合力。基于上述背景，本文专门针对面向“三农”金融机构的协调发展问题进行研究，具有理论价值和现实意义。协调是为了达到系统最佳效果而促使系统各部分机能处于合作与有序状态。面向“三农”的金融机构包括涉农银行业机构、保险机构、担保机构、租赁机构等，目前以银行业机构为主。面向“三农”的银行业机构包括各级农村信用社、农村合作银行等合作性银行，农业发展银行等政策性银行，农村商业银行、中国农业银行、城市商业银行、中国邮政储蓄银行等商业性银行。面向“三农”的金融机构协调发展是指涉农政策性金融机构、合作性金融机构及商业性金融机构相互依存、面向“三农”、注重支农效果的良性循环过程。系统论、金融共生论、农村金融供求论和劳动分工论为面向“三农”金融机构协调发展提供了理论依据。“三农”金融机构“协调”的根本目的是为了高效“支农”，各类金融机构的有机整合和协同有序能提高金融支农系统的整体效应。协调的内在动力是各类金融机构的比较优势，协调的外部动力是优化的农村金融生态环境，协调的手段是适当的金融监管制度和信息反馈机制。功能是事物所发挥的有利作用及效能。文中依据系统结构与功能的观点，分析了“三农”金融机构系统的功能特征，并逐一考察了当前不同类型金融机构的现实功能：政策性金融机构的功能由早期较为广泛的政策性支农功能缩减为开发性支农功能，盈利性导向明显；传统合作性金融机构承担支农重任，但合作性基本功能发挥不充分，资金互助社等新型合作金融机构合作性功能发挥良好，但其市场份额极小；商业性金融机构的支农功能参差不齐，难以确保“三农”资金净流入。各类金融机构的功能没有有机整合，尚未形成互补关系。为了综合评价“三农”金融机构的协调水平，从宏观、中观及微观三个层面构建相应的指标进行分析。宏观方面，设立农村金融相关比率以此判断农村金融与农村经济之间总的协调状况；中观方面，设置农村金融服务覆盖率、农村存贷款比例、农村保险渗透率等指标，考察农村金融供给与需求状况；微观方面，设置市场集中度、农户贷款比率、农企贷款比率、涉农贷款比率等定量指标，分别考察和分析每一子系统的市场集中度及相关涉农贷款比率，说明支农协调性状况。这些指标构建以后，按照银监会连续几年公布的农村金融《图集》的数据加工和分析，先比较直观地分析全国面向“三农”的金融机构的协调性状况，再具体测算各省“三农”金融机构之间的协调发展水平。为了深入了解面向“三农”金融机构协调发展程度，构建了面向“三农”的金融机构协调发展度模型和指标体系，运用主成份分析法进行了实证分析，得出我国2006-2010年期间各省（自治区）面向“三农”金融机构的协调度。聚类分析表明，协调发展程度分为四类，大部分省、市、自治区处在中间的第二类，处于第一类和第三类、第四类的省份都较少，也证实了面向“三农”金融机构“协调水平”较高的省份，其农村金融与农村经济“协调度”也较高的结论。针对我国当前面向“三农”金融机构发展不够协调的现状及国外农村金融机构协调发展的经验借鉴，提出了进一步协调发展的战略：优化农村金融生态环境；拓展“三农”金融机构的整体功能；建立区域金融协调发展机制。
[Abstract]:The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the "three rural", since 2004 9 consecutive years of the "central document" on the "three rural issues". In the development of agriculture, farmers and the construction of new rural areas, have issued a series of policies aimed at strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation, take the characteristics of agricultural modernization, and to promote the establishment of agriculture, rural city with a long-term mechanism, the formation of a new pattern of urban and rural economic and social integration.
Rural finance is the core of the rural economy. Since the reform and opening up, China's reconstruction of the rural financial system, rural financial scale continues to expand, to promote rural economic development has played an important role. However, the pace of reform of rural finance and rural economic restructuring has not kept pace with the growing demand for financial services, such as financial services in rural township is still blank existence of credit constraints faced by different households still generally, policy finance and commercial finance service business shrinking cross competition, the problem of rural insurance lag still prominent. China's rural financial market "two yuan" financial structure characteristics, the coexistence of formal rural financial institutions and the non formal rural financial institutions. The formal financial institutions system of rural cooperative financial institutions in rural areas through the history to current cooperative finance, commercial finance and policy of gold Financial institutions coexist. At present, three types of rural financial institutions from the strategic level, such as the high-profile support of the "three rural" rural credit cooperatives and cooperative financial institutions as the main support, after the restructuring of the Agricultural Bank has set up the "three rural" division, orientation of the postal savings bank to serve the "three rural". But the three class financial institutions to serve the "three rural" lack of symbiotic power, poor communication, agriculture has not yet formed together. Based on the above background, this paper studies the problem of coordinated development for the "three rural" financial institutions, has theoretical and practical value.
In order to achieve the best effect of coordination system and the function of each part of the system in cooperation with the state financial institutions. In order for the "three rural" including agricultural banking institutions, insurance agencies, security agencies, leasing agencies, the banking institutions. Banking institutions for the "three rural" include all levels of rural credit cooperative bank the cooperation of rural cooperative bank, agricultural development bank, policy banks, rural commercial bank, Agricultural Bank China, city commercial bank, Chinese postal savings bank and other commercial banks. The coordinated development of financial institutions for the "three rural" refers to agricultural policy financial institution, cooperative financial institutions and commercial financial institutions interdependence and for the "three rural", a virtuous cycle is emphasized in the process of agriculture effect. The system theory, Financial Symbiosis Theory, supply and demand of rural finance theory and the theory of division of labor for the three rural "Provides a theoretical basis for the coordinated development of financial institutions. The" three rural "financial institutions" the fundamental purpose of coordination is to "support", efficient and collaborative integration of various financial institutions in order to improve overall effect of financial support system. Internal dynamic coordination is the comparative advantage of all financial institutions, external power coordination is the rural financial ecological environment optimization, coordination is the means of financial supervision system and information feedback mechanism is appropriate.
The function is advantageous and efficiency play things. According to the system structure and function of the viewpoints in this paper, analyzes the functional characteristics of rural financial institution system, and I examine the function of the current reality of different types of financial institutions: reduce the policy functions of financial institutions by the early extensive policy support for agriculture the development of agriculture, profit oriented obviously; the traditional cooperative financial institutions to undertake the task of supporting agriculture, but the basic function of cooperation does not fully play the function of cooperation, cooperative financial institutions fund cooperatives play is good, but its market share is very small; the commercial financial institutions for agriculture function is uneven, it is difficult to ensure the "net inflow of rural funds all kinds of financial institutions. The function of organic integration, has not yet formed a complementary relationship.
In order to evaluate the "three rural" financial institutions, the level of coordination, from the macro, meso and micro three levels to construct the corresponding index were analyzed. The macroscopic aspect, the establishment of a rural financial ratio in order to determine the total coordination between rural finance and rural economy; macro aspects, set up rural financial service coverage, the rural loan deposit ratio rural, insurance penetration index, a review of rural financial supply and demand; micro aspect, set the market concentration, the ratio of loans to farmers, agricultural enterprises loans, agricultural loans ratio and other quantitative indicators were investigated and analyzed and related agricultural loan ratio concentration of every sub-system of the market, that support coordination status. These indicators, in accordance with the data processing and analysis of the China Banking Regulatory Commission announced several years of rural finance "Atlas >, comparing the intuitive analysis of the" three rural oriented The coordination of the financial institutions and the coordinated development level between the "three rural" financial institutions in each province.
In order to understand for the "three rural" financial institutions coordinated development degree, financial institutions established for the "three rural" coordinated development degree model and index system, using principal component analysis method empirical analysis, obtains our country during the period of 2006-2010 in all provinces (autonomous regions) the coordination degree for the "Three Rural" financial institutions. The cluster analysis showed that the coordinated development degree, divided into four categories, most of the provinces, city, autonomous region in the middle of the second, in the first class and the third class, fourth class are fewer provinces, provinces also confirmed for the "three rural" financial institutions "high level coordination", the rural finance and rural economy "coordination" conclusion.
In view of the current for the "three rural" development of financial institutions is not coordinate the development status of rural financial institutions and foreign experience, put forward the coordinated development strategy: optimizing the rural financial ecological environment; expand the overall function of rural financial institutions; establish a mechanism for the coordinated development of regional finance.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.7

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