我国农村微型金融机构使命偏移研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 08:24

本文选题：微型金融 + 使命偏移　；参考：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪70年代和80年代,微型金融兴起于亚非拉发展中国家,90年代以来得到了迅速发展,有效补充许多发展中国家的传统金融体系。为了解决我国农村金融服务短缺的问题,微型金融被引入我国,经过这20多年的快速发展,我国逐步形成以村镇银行和小额贷款公司为代表的农村微型金融机构体系。微型金融是一种不同于传统正规金融的新型金融制度安排,其使命主要是服务于无法从正规金融机构得到金融服务的客户群体。然而,在现实中,大部分微型金融机构都遇到可持续发展难题,难以实现自己的使命。分析我国农村微型金融机构使命偏移现状,出现使命偏移的原因有哪些,又该如何治理,这是本文研究的主要内容,也对我国全面推广微型金融具有重要意义。本文首先运用无差异曲线和生产可能性曲线理论分析了微型金融使命(服务“三农”)和财务目标(可持续发展)相互冲突的机制。此后,以村镇银行和小贷公司为例来分析我国农村微型金融机构使命偏移现状,数据表明部分微型金融机构已出现了使命偏移。在此基础上,本文以平均贷款规模占微型金融机构所在地区人均GDP的比重作为被解释变量,以总资产收益率、贷款收益率、营业费用/总资产和每笔贷款成本作为解释变量构建了多元线性回归模型对农村微型金融机构的使命偏移现象进行实证分析,研究表明机构追求经营可持续性时,就会降低覆盖深度,从而出现使命偏移,并从贷款成本和风险控制两个方面分析了产生使命偏移的原因。最后本文从五个角度提出缓解微型金融机构使命偏移的政策建议。即加大对机构的政策扶持力度、拓宽融资渠道降低资金成本、完善农村金融生态环境、推动微型金融与小额保险全面合作、加强对农村微型金融机构的监管。
[Abstract]:In the 1970s and 1980s, micro-finance developed rapidly in the developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America since the 1990s, which effectively supplemented the traditional financial systems of many developing countries.In order to solve the problem of the shortage of rural financial services, micro-finance was introduced into our country. After more than 20 years of rapid development, our country gradually formed a rural micro-financial institution system represented by village banks and micro-loan companies.Microfinance is a new financial institutional arrangement which is different from the traditional formal finance. Its mission is to serve the clients who can not get financial services from the formal financial institutions.In reality, however, most MFIs face sustainable development problems and struggle to achieve their mission.It is the main content of this paper to analyze the status quo of mission deviation of rural microfinance institutions in China, what are the causes of mission deviation, and how to manage it. It is also of great significance to popularize micro-finance in our country in an all-round way.This paper first analyzes the mechanism of the conflict between the mission of micro-finance (serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers) and financial objectives (sustainable development) by using the theory of "no difference curve" and "production possibility curve".Then, taking village banks and small loan companies as examples, the paper analyzes the current situation of mission migration of rural micro-financial institutions in China, and the data show that some micro-financial institutions have already appeared mission deviation.On this basis, this paper takes the average loan size as the percentage of GDP per capita in the region where the microfinance institution is located, and takes the total return on assets and the rate of return on loans as the explanatory variables.Operating expenses / total assets and the cost of each loan are used as explanatory variables to construct a multivariate linear regression model to analyze the mission-shifting phenomenon of rural micro-financial institutions.The depth of coverage will be reduced and mission deviation will occur. The causes of mission deviation are analyzed from two aspects of loan cost and risk control.Finally, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions from five angles to ease the mission deviation of microfinance institutions.That is, increasing the policy support to the institutions, widening the financing channels, reducing the cost of funds, improving the rural financial ecological environment, promoting the comprehensive cooperation between micro-finance and micro-insurance, and strengthening the supervision of rural micro-financial institutions.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F832.4

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