招商银行战略转型的效率研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 04:04

本文选题：招商银行 + 战略转型　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：货币流通的国际化是一个国家经济发展质量的重要表现形式，而银行作为代表国家控制货币流量和流向的主要金融产业，其行业发展是关乎国家经济命脉的决定因素。在过去相当长一段时间里，我国的金融管制政策一直控制着整个银行企业的运营。而随着中国经济的逐渐强大，国际地位的逐步提高，要求国内的各行各业在国际市场中占有一席之地。为了适应国际市场的游戏规则使中国企业与其它国外企业在经济竞争方式上趋同，中国政府在逐步开放市场经济的同时也在逐步开放利率市场，引入国外银行参与我国金融市场的竞争。只有在竞争中提高效率才能稳定人民币在国际货币交换中的地位，才能帮助中国企业在国际市场中获得更多的话语权。然而，在资本有限的前提下提高效率才是银行业扩大竞争优势的根本保证。招商银行是改革开放以后成立的国内第一家企业股东股份制商业银行，它的发展历程一定程度地代表了我国股份制商业银行的转变过程。招商银行成立伊始就没有计划经济的遗传基因，从设立到扩张逐步成为国内具有影响力的银行之一，始终秉承市场竞争的一般规律，甚至很快摆脱了五大国有银行拥有政府支持的巨大阴影。本文深入研究招商银行25年当中经历的两次战略转型，，分别使用比较分析、规范分析的方法借鉴银行效率的历史研究结论，试图从案例中总结改善我国银行业提高效率的普遍性规律。本文以规范的案例研究方法为基础，选择与招商银行发展经历类似的其它四家银行，进行财务指标的多角度比较，寻找招商银行提高效率的真正原因。总结以往关于商业银行X-效率的相关研究结论，对影响银行效率的宏观因素、微观因素、内在动因和外在动因进行了全方位梳理，提出了本文对提高商业银行效率的政策建议及结论。（1）提高银行效率的核心是技术。而技术本身又分为管理技术和生产技术两方面的内容，管理技术是指银行在业务整合、人员考核和客户管理等方面采用的能够迅速适应内、外部环境的管理体系。生产技术是指银行在产品营销、企业战略规划和协调企业运营关系方面的能力。因此，管理技术和生产技术的进步是银行提高效率的核心内容。（2）开发高效产品是目前我国银行业提高效率的根本。从数据的比较结果来看，我国银行业已经把运营目标转向利润率较高的中小企业和中间业务当中。而银行通过这两类产品提高定价，是源于市场供求关系紧张和行业垄断形成的。并非可持续的高效获利，会随着市场竞争逐渐加剧失去这种优势。本文认为，未来银行的发展趋势要开发体现银行处理资金技术能力的高利润产品，与国际接轨适应企业的发展需求，走在客户发展轨道的前面为客户设计发展规划、扩大资金需求和定价能力。（3）优化资本结构适应自身发展。资本是商业银行开展业务的根源，资本结构与银行业务的发展方向紧密相连。在提高银行效率方面体现在资本运作的有效性、成本的可控性最终实现结构的最优化。优秀的资本结构有利于提高银行资金的周转能力，有利于降低资本成本从而达到提高效率的目的。（4）保证风险评估的有效性。对于银行业来讲，风险评估主要包括自身风险和客户业务风险两个层面。自身风险评估主要是指自身运转、业务流程操作方面的风险。客户业务风险是指评价业务本身的风险程度和判断客户的未来发展趋势。风险的掌控既要考虑风险带来的效益又要考虑风险效率原则，把风险控制在合理范围内，收益、成本和效率均衡发展。（5）建立合理的绩效考评机制。企业运营本身是以人为本，员工自身的能动性是银行运营效率提高的源动力。合理的绩效考评可以开拓员工工作的想象空间，提高自主工作能力，节约层级之间拖延工作的消极成本。
[Abstract]:The internationalization of currency circulation is an important manifestation of the quality of the economic development of a country. As the main financial industry that represents the flow and flow of money, the development of the bank is a decisive factor for the lifeblood of the country. In the past a long period of time, the financial control policy of our country has been controlling the whole silver. With the gradual improvement of China's economy and the gradual improvement of its international status, all walks of life are required to occupy a place in the international market. In order to adapt to the rules of the international market, Chinese enterprises and other foreign enterprises tend to compete with other foreign enterprises in the way of economic competition, and the Chinese government is gradually opening the same market economy. In order to help Chinese enterprises to gain more discourse power in the international market, it is only in the premise of limited capital that the efficiency of the banking industry is to improve the efficiency of the banking industry. The fundamental guarantee of expanding the competitive advantage. China Merchants Bank is the first domestic shareholding commercial bank established in China after the reform and opening up. Its development course represents the process of the transformation of China's joint-stock commercial banks to a certain extent. As one of the influential banks in China, it has always adhered to the general rule of market competition, and even quickly got rid of the huge shadow of government support from the five state-owned banks. This paper deeply studies the two strategic transformation that China Merchants Bank has experienced during the 25 years, and uses comparative analysis and normative analysis to learn from the history of bank efficiency. The conclusion is to summarize the general law of improving the efficiency of China's banking industry from the case.
Based on the standard case study method, this paper selects four other banks similar to the development experience of China Merchants Bank, compares the multi angle of the financial indicators, and seeks the real reasons for the efficiency of China Merchants Bank. It summarizes the previous research conclusions about the X- efficiency of commercial banks, and the macro factors affecting the efficiency of the bank and the micro factors. The internal and external reasons are combed in all directions, and the policy suggestions and conclusions are put forward to improve the efficiency of commercial banks. (1) technology is the core of improving the efficiency of the bank. Technology itself is divided into two aspects of management technology and production technology, and management technology refers to the bank's business integration, personnel assessment and customer management. The management system that can quickly adapt to the internal and external environment. Production technology refers to the ability of the bank in product marketing, enterprise strategic planning and coordination of enterprise operation relations. Therefore, the progress of management technology and production technology is the core content of bank efficiency improvement. (2) the development of high efficiency products is the current Chinese banking industry From the result of the comparison of the data, China's banking industry has turned the operation target to the middle and small enterprises and middle business with higher profit margin. And the bank through these two kinds of products to raise the price is derived from the tension of market supply and demand and the industry monopoly. It is not sustainable and efficient profit, which will be competitive with the market. The development trend of the future bank is to develop high profit products that reflect the technical ability of banks to deal with funds, adapt to the development needs of the enterprises with the international market, design and develop the customers in the front of the customer development track, expand the capital demand and pricing ability. (3) optimizing the capital structure. The capital structure is closely connected with the development direction of the bank business. The capital structure is closely linked with the direction of the development of the bank business. The efficiency of the bank is embodied in the efficiency of the capital operation, the controllability of the cost is ultimately optimized. The excellent capital structure is beneficial to the improvement of the turnover ability of the bank's capital and is beneficial to the bank's capital. The purpose of reducing the cost of capital to improve efficiency. (4) to ensure the effectiveness of risk assessment. For the banking industry, the risk assessment mainly includes two levels of self risk and customer business risk. The risk assessment mainly refers to the risk of its own operation and the operation of the business process. The customer business risk refers to the evaluation of the business itself. The risk degree and the future development trend of the customer. The control of risk should consider both the benefit of risk and the principle of risk efficiency, and control the risk in a reasonable range, income, cost and efficiency. (5) establish a reasonable performance appraisal mechanism. The enterprise operation itself is people-oriented and the employee's own initiative is The motivation of improving the efficiency of the bank's operation. Reasonable performance evaluation can open up the imagination space of employees' work, improve the ability to work independently, and save the negative cost of procrastination between the hierarchy.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.2

【参考文献】