农村金融发展对城乡收入差距的影响研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 05:48

【摘要】：我国自改革开放以来,我国的经济发展取得令世瞩目的成绩。其经济增长一直处于世界的前列,然而,在我国经济持续增长、人均收入也同步上升的时候,居民的收入差距也在不断扩大,特别是农村居民与城镇居民的收入差距越来越大。这种现象,在一定程度上对我国经济稳定发展和社会稳定产生了负面影响;这也表明收入差距的扩大是政府和社会应该密切关注的问题。对城乡收入差距产生影响的原因比较多,而金融发展在其中有重要的影响。所以本文将从中国农村金融发展对城乡收入差距影响的视角进行研究,并提出抑制城乡居民收入差距扩大的政策建议。本文首先梳理了国内外学者在这一方面的研究成果和农村金融发展的理论渊源,对我国农村金融和城乡收入差距的现状进行概述,在这些基础上建立理论模型分析了我国农村金融发展对城乡收入差距的影响途径。本文用城乡居民收入比做为衡量城乡收入差距的指标,而我国农村金融发展则用农村金融发展规模与农村金融发展效率刻画,再引入与城乡收入差距有关的经济发展水平、政府行为、城镇化水平三个控制变量建立计量模型,利用我国1997-2013年的省级面板数据研究农村金融发展与城乡收入差距的协整关系。其次,考虑在不同的经济发展水平下农村金融发展对收入差距的不同影响,以经济发展水平做为门槛变量进行检验。本文理论研究发现我国农村金融发展对城乡收入差距的影响机制主要为:一方面农村金融机构对农村居民提供信贷时设立的进入门槛值对城乡收入差距的影响。另一方面农村金融发展对农村经济的影响过程中,间接传导到农村居民的收入方面。实证研究发现:我国农村金融发展规模对我国城乡收入差距的加大有正相关特征,二者存在长期稳定的协整关系;农村金融发展效率与城乡收入差距存在负相关特征,即农村金融发展效率的提高能对我国城乡收入差距的加大产生抑制作用。其次,在经济发展水平低阶段条件下,农村金融发展规模对城乡收入差距的扩大起到正向加强作用,对降低收入差距产生负面影响;当经济发展水平到达一定阶段,农村金融发展规模对城乡收入差距的正向效应减弱。根据本文研究结论,提出相关的政策建议:政府应该加大对农村金融资源的供给,推动农村金融市场的竞争,完善农村金融市场的征信体系,促使农村地区的金融机构降低信贷门槛。政府应该改变以往的政府财政支持方法,加大农村财政支持力度,加快农村基础设施建设,政府还应对农村金融制度进行优化和完善。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economic development has made remarkable achievements. Its economic growth has always been in the forefront of the world. However, when China's economy continues to grow and the per capita income rises simultaneously, the income gap of residents is also expanding, especially between rural residents and urban residents. To a certain extent, this phenomenon has a negative impact on the stable development of our economy and social stability, which also shows that the widening of income gap is a problem that the government and society should pay close attention to. There are many reasons for the impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas, and financial development has an important impact on it. Therefore, this paper will study the impact of rural financial development on urban-rural income gap in China, and put forward some policy suggestions to curb the widening of income gap between urban and rural residents. This article first combs the domestic and foreign scholars in this aspect research achievement and the rural finance development theory origin, carries on the summary to our country countryside finance and the urban-rural income disparity present situation. On the basis of these, the paper establishes a theoretical model to analyze the influence of rural financial development on the income gap between urban and rural areas. This paper uses the income ratio of urban and rural residents as the index to measure the urban-rural income gap, while the rural financial development in China is characterized by the scale of rural financial development and the efficiency of rural financial development, and then introduces the level of economic development related to the urban-rural income gap. Based on the provincial panel data from 1997 to 2013, this paper studies the cointegration relationship between rural financial development and urban-rural income gap. Secondly, considering the different effects of rural financial development on income gap under different economic development levels, taking the level of economic development as the threshold variable to test. This paper finds that the influence mechanism of rural financial development on the urban-rural income gap is as follows: on the one hand, the impact of the entry threshold set by rural financial institutions on the urban-rural income gap when providing credit to rural residents. On the other hand, the influence of rural financial development on rural economy is indirectly transmitted to the income of rural residents. The empirical study finds that the scale of rural financial development has a positive correlation with the increase of income gap between urban and rural areas in China, and there is a long-term stable co-integration relationship between them, while the efficiency of rural financial development has a negative correlation with the income gap between urban and rural areas. That is, the improvement of rural financial development efficiency can restrain the income gap between urban and rural areas. Secondly, under the condition of low level of economic development, the scale of rural financial development plays a positive role in strengthening the widening of income gap between urban and rural areas, and has a negative impact on reducing the income gap; when the level of economic development reaches a certain stage, The positive effect of the scale of rural financial development on the income gap between urban and rural areas is weakened. According to the conclusion of this paper, the paper puts forward some relevant policy suggestions: the government should increase the supply of rural financial resources, promote the competition of rural financial market, and perfect the credit system of rural financial market. Encourage financial institutions in rural areas to lower credit barriers. The government should change the previous methods of government financial support, increase rural financial support, and speed up the construction of rural infrastructure. The government should also optimize and improve the rural financial system.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F832.35;F124.7

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