FDI、中国的官员晋升激励与环境污染
发布时间：2018-10-11 13:10
【摘要】：中国改革开放以来，伴随着经济的高速发展的同时诸多问题也得以显现，特别是环境污染问题也变得越来越严重。目前的中国环境质量问题下降迅速，污染问题突出，总体上看污染物排放量很大，其中2010年工业废水的排放量达到了209.03亿万吨，工业废气（主要指二氧化硫）的排放量达到了1694.06万吨，固体废弃物排放量约为20.394亿万吨。产生环境污染的原因很多，现在很多人认为，中国的环境污染主要是由外商投资造成的。国内很多学者认为，发达国家对环境管制标准提高会增加地方企业的生产成本，促进了污染型产业向环境管制标准较低的国家或者地区转移。作为发展中国家中国，我国的环境标准较为宽松，排污成本较低，治理成本较高，所以污染密集型产业被转移到了中国。但也有另外的观点认为，中国的环境污染问题不是由FDI造成的，而是由中国转型期特定的增长模式造成的。如果没有FDI，而是单纯的依赖国内投资，中国经济要达到既定的增长水平，所要支付的环境代价可能更大。本文的研究是想要弄清楚两个问题：（1）FDI与国内投资对中国环境污染的影响分别有多大，中国的环境污染问题是否是FDI造成的。（2）中国在转型期为什么要选择牺牲环境换取增长的发展模式，其背后的内在动力是什么?本文先对FDI和国内投资对中国环境污染影响进行了检验，结果表明外商直接投资与我国的环境污染是呈正相关关系，国内投资与我国的环境污染也是呈正相关关系，但是后者的大于前者的相关性，也就是说，国内投资对我国的环境污染的影响程度是大于外商直接投资对我国环境污染的影响程度。中国的污染是由其特定的增长模式所决定的。接下来，本文从政治制度角度分析了中国选择污染型发展模式的内在动力。中国在特殊的政治集权经济分权模式下，地方官员有强烈的激励通过GDP竞赛来获得晋升机会。地方官员不仅会大力发展招商引资，吸引FDI，而且还会努力增加国内投资，以促进本辖区内的经济增长，获取更多的晋升机会。本文发现，晋升激励机制下，官员更偏向于国内投资。因为相比较外商直接投资，国内投资见效更快，因为辖区要进行招商引资手续繁琐，审批手续复杂、过程较长。官员迫切希望通过GDP的政绩来获取晋升机会，因此会更愿意选择污染重且发展快的项目，而不愿意对环境进行长期投资。 全文共分为五个部分，文章的第一部分：导论部分。主要阐述了本文所研究内容的意义，论文的研究方法与基本思路，最后是本文的创新观点和不足之处。 第二部分：文献综述部分。包括：（1）（2）主要对本文将要进行的研究从不同方面进行文献综述，在对FDI与环境污染方面则分为两种截然相反的观点进行综述；接下来对经济增长与环境污染关系的文献综述；而对于官员的晋升激励与经济增长方面的文献综述就从晋升激励与经济增长、官员晋升激励与经济增长模式、晋升激励与环境污染关系三个方面进行文献综述。 第三部分：本部分主要阐述了FDI、晋升激励与环境污染的一般分析。这个部分重要从三个方面进行分析。第一，主要介绍目前我国的外商直接投资的基本情况；第二，我国官员的晋升激励状况，分析我国目前官员晋升现状以及晋升激励与经济增长；第三，环境污染的现状，从工业废水、工业废气以及固体废弃物排放情况；第四，分析了晋升激励与环境污染的关系。 第四部分：这个部分关于FDI、国内投资与环境污染的实证研究。首先，本章对FDI、国内投资与环境污染的模型设定；其次，对FDI、国内投资与晋升激励进行实证分析；最后得出结论。 第五部分：这个部分就是再利用对前面模型设定的基础上，对FDI、国内投资与晋升激励的进行实证研究。首先是对FDI与官员晋升激励的模型假设和实证分析；接着是国内投资与官员晋升激励的模型分析和实证分析；最后，得出结论。 第六部分：本部分是在以上两个章节的分析基础上对官员晋升激励与环境污染的模型假定以及进行的实证分析；最后得出结论以及启示。
[Abstract]:Since China's reform and opening up, many problems accompanying the high-speed development of the economy have also emerged, especially the problem of environmental pollution has become more and more serious. At present, China's environmental quality has declined rapidly and the pollution problem is outstanding. Generally speaking, the discharge amount of industrial waste water in 2010 reaches 209. 03 million tons, and the discharge amount of industrial waste gas (mainly sulfur dioxide) reaches 169.4 million tons. The volume of solid waste is about 29.4 billion tons. Many people believe that China's environmental pollution is mainly caused by foreign investment. Many domestic scholars believe that the improvement of environmental control standards by developed countries will increase the production cost of local enterprises and promote the transfer of polluting industries to countries or regions with lower environmental control standards. As a developing country, China's environmental standards are looser, the pollution discharge cost is low, and the treatment cost is high, so the pollution-intensive industry has been transferred to China. But there is another point of view that China's environmental pollution is not caused by FDI, but is caused by China's transition-specific growth model. Without FDI, instead of relying solely on domestic investment, the cost of the environment to be paid may be greater than the established growth level of the Chinese economy. The purpose of this paper is to find out two problems: (1) the impact of FDI and domestic investment on China's environmental pollution is much larger, and whether China's environmental pollution is caused by FDI. (2) Why should China choose the sacrifice environment for growth model in the transformation period, what is the intrinsic motivation behind it? In this paper, the effects of FDI and domestic investment on China's environmental pollution are tested. The results show that foreign direct investment is positively related to environmental pollution in China, and domestic investment is positively related to environmental pollution in China, but the latter is greater than that of the former. In other words, the impact of domestic investment on China's environmental pollution is greater than that of foreign direct investment in China's environmental pollution. China's pollution is determined by its specific growth model. Next, this paper analyzes the intrinsic motivation of China's choice of pollution-type development mode from the point of view of political system. In China's special political and centralized economic decentralization model, local officials have a strong incentive to get promotion opportunities through GDP contests. Local officials will not only vigorously develop investment attraction, attract FDI, but also strive to increase domestic investment to promote economic growth in the region and obtain more opportunities for promotion. This paper finds that under the promotion incentive mechanism, officials are more inclined to domestic investment. Because of the comparison of foreign direct investment, domestic investment takes effect more quickly, because the jurisdiction area to carry on the investment attraction formalities is complicated, the examination and approval formalities are complicated, and the process is long. Officials hope to get promotion opportunities through GDP, and will be more willing to choose polluting and fast-growing projects rather than long-term investment in the environment. The full text is divided into five parts, the first part of the article: Introduction This paper mainly expounds the significance of the content in this paper, the research methods and basic ideas of the thesis, and finally, the innovation viewpoint and the deficiency of this paper. Part II: Document Abstract: (1) (1) (2) The paper reviews the studies to be carried out in this paper from different aspects, and is divided into two diametrically opposed views on FDI and environmental pollution; then, the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution is discussed. The review of literature in terms of promotion motivation and economic growth for officials is viewed from three aspects: promotion motivation and economic growth, promotion of official promotion and economic growth model, promotion motivation and environmental pollution. The third part: This part mainly expounds FDI, promotion motivation and ring. General analysis of environmental pollution. This part is important from The first part mainly introduces the basic situation of foreign direct investment in our country; secondly, the promotion motivation of Chinese officials, analyzes the current status of promotion and promotion and economic growth of current officials in our country; third, environmental pollution. Status quo, discharge of industrial waste water, industrial waste gas and solid waste; fourth, analysis of promotion incentive The fourth part: This part deals with FDI and domestic investment. Firstly, this chapter sets up the model of FDI, domestic investment and environmental pollution; secondly, it carries out incentive for FDI, domestic investment and promotion. An empirical analysis; finally, the conclusion is drawn. Part five: This part is to re-use the model set up on the basis of FDI and domestic An empirical study on the motivation of investment and promotion. Firstly, it is a model hypothesis and an empirical analysis of the promotion motivation of FDI and officials, followed by the model points of domestic investment and the promotion of officials' promotion. The sixth part: This part is based on the analysis of the above two chapters, on the basis of the analysis of the above two chapters, the model assumption of the incentive and environmental pollution of the official promotion and the intake
【学位授予单位】：山东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D630;F832.6;F205;F224
[Abstract]:Since China's reform and opening up, many problems accompanying the high-speed development of the economy have also emerged, especially the problem of environmental pollution has become more and more serious. At present, China's environmental quality has declined rapidly and the pollution problem is outstanding. Generally speaking, the discharge amount of industrial waste water in 2010 reaches 209. 03 million tons, and the discharge amount of industrial waste gas (mainly sulfur dioxide) reaches 169.4 million tons. The volume of solid waste is about 29.4 billion tons. Many people believe that China's environmental pollution is mainly caused by foreign investment. Many domestic scholars believe that the improvement of environmental control standards by developed countries will increase the production cost of local enterprises and promote the transfer of polluting industries to countries or regions with lower environmental control standards. As a developing country, China's environmental standards are looser, the pollution discharge cost is low, and the treatment cost is high, so the pollution-intensive industry has been transferred to China. But there is another point of view that China's environmental pollution is not caused by FDI, but is caused by China's transition-specific growth model. Without FDI, instead of relying solely on domestic investment, the cost of the environment to be paid may be greater than the established growth level of the Chinese economy. The purpose of this paper is to find out two problems: (1) the impact of FDI and domestic investment on China's environmental pollution is much larger, and whether China's environmental pollution is caused by FDI. (2) Why should China choose the sacrifice environment for growth model in the transformation period, what is the intrinsic motivation behind it? In this paper, the effects of FDI and domestic investment on China's environmental pollution are tested. The results show that foreign direct investment is positively related to environmental pollution in China, and domestic investment is positively related to environmental pollution in China, but the latter is greater than that of the former. In other words, the impact of domestic investment on China's environmental pollution is greater than that of foreign direct investment in China's environmental pollution. China's pollution is determined by its specific growth model. Next, this paper analyzes the intrinsic motivation of China's choice of pollution-type development mode from the point of view of political system. In China's special political and centralized economic decentralization model, local officials have a strong incentive to get promotion opportunities through GDP contests. Local officials will not only vigorously develop investment attraction, attract FDI, but also strive to increase domestic investment to promote economic growth in the region and obtain more opportunities for promotion. This paper finds that under the promotion incentive mechanism, officials are more inclined to domestic investment. Because of the comparison of foreign direct investment, domestic investment takes effect more quickly, because the jurisdiction area to carry on the investment attraction formalities is complicated, the examination and approval formalities are complicated, and the process is long. Officials hope to get promotion opportunities through GDP, and will be more willing to choose polluting and fast-growing projects rather than long-term investment in the environment. The full text is divided into five parts, the first part of the article: Introduction This paper mainly expounds the significance of the content in this paper, the research methods and basic ideas of the thesis, and finally, the innovation viewpoint and the deficiency of this paper. Part II: Document Abstract: (1) (1) (2) The paper reviews the studies to be carried out in this paper from different aspects, and is divided into two diametrically opposed views on FDI and environmental pollution; then, the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution is discussed. The review of literature in terms of promotion motivation and economic growth for officials is viewed from three aspects: promotion motivation and economic growth, promotion of official promotion and economic growth model, promotion motivation and environmental pollution. The third part: This part mainly expounds FDI, promotion motivation and ring. General analysis of environmental pollution. This part is important from The first part mainly introduces the basic situation of foreign direct investment in our country; secondly, the promotion motivation of Chinese officials, analyzes the current status of promotion and promotion and economic growth of current officials in our country; third, environmental pollution. Status quo, discharge of industrial waste water, industrial waste gas and solid waste; fourth, analysis of promotion incentive The fourth part: This part deals with FDI and domestic investment. Firstly, this chapter sets up the model of FDI, domestic investment and environmental pollution; secondly, it carries out incentive for FDI, domestic investment and promotion. An empirical analysis; finally, the conclusion is drawn. Part five: This part is to re-use the model set up on the basis of FDI and domestic An empirical study on the motivation of investment and promotion. Firstly, it is a model hypothesis and an empirical analysis of the promotion motivation of FDI and officials, followed by the model points of domestic investment and the promotion of officials' promotion. The sixth part: This part is based on the analysis of the above two chapters, on the basis of the analysis of the above two chapters, the model assumption of the incentive and environmental pollution of the official promotion and the intake
【学位授予单位】：山东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D630;F832.6;F205;F224
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