跑道入侵情景下飞行员使用HUD的行为模式及认知绩效研究

发布时间：2018-08-09 16:32

【摘要】：平视显示器(HUD)具有降低飞行员负荷、延长持续观察时间和提高飞行精度等优点,中国民用航空局正推广其应用。但是HUD的应用会引入注意力资源分配不均、检测失效/故障的效率降低及情景意识丧失等人为因素问题。同时,进近着陆时跑道入侵事件危害较大且频繁发生。针对HUD的设计和使用的人为因素问题,开展进近着陆情景下飞行员使用HUD探测跑道入侵的行为模式和认知绩效的研究。本文基于融合HUD的A320驾驶舱视景仿真系统开展进近着陆情景下飞行员使用HUD探测跑道入侵的实验,分析飞行员的行为模式和认知绩效。本文的主要研究内容如下:(1)分析与驾驶舱及HUD的设计和使用相关的适航规章及咨询通告、SAE标准和技术文献,明确局方、工业方和运营方对HUD的设计和使用的要求,整理HUD设计和使用过程中的航空人为因素问题。(2)搭建A320驾驶舱视景仿真系统,包括HUD和PFD显示系统、三维驾驶舱模型和三维机场地形的搭建,以及读取飞行摇杆数据控制模拟飞行。基于开发的A320驾驶舱视景仿真系统进行进近着陆情景下飞行员探测跑道入侵的实验,开展跑道入侵情景下飞行员使用HUD的行为模式和认知绩效的研究。(3)从行为模式和认知绩效两方面分析眼动和手动操控实验数据,分析使用HUD和PFD探测跑道入侵时的眼动模式、手动操控行为和认知绩效,通过单因素方差分析验证飞行显示器是否显著影响飞行员的行为模式和认知绩效。(4)信息的视觉显著性影响飞行员的行为模式,认知绩效和飞行信息感知,提出分析驾驶舱视景显著性的CISD-L(Color,Intensity,Shape,Direction,Location)模型。利用CISD-L模型定量分析进近着陆过程中使用HUD探测跑道入侵的视景显著性。
[Abstract]:The flat-view display (HUD) has the advantages of reducing the pilot load, prolonging the continuous observation time and improving the flight accuracy, etc. The Civil Aviation Administration of China is popularizing its application. However, the application of HUD will lead to some human factors, such as uneven allocation of attention resources, low efficiency of detecting failure / failure and loss of situational awareness. At the same time, runway intrusions are harmful and frequent when approaching landing. Aiming at the problem of human factors in the design and use of HUD, the behavior pattern and cognitive performance of pilots using HUD to detect runway intrusion were studied in the approaching landing scenario. Based on the A320 cockpit visual simulation system combined with HUD, this paper analyzes the pilots' behavior patterns and cognitive performance by using HUD to detect runway intrusion in the approaching landing scenario. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) analyzing the airworthiness regulations and consultation notices related to the design and use of the cockpit and HUD, and clarifying the requirements of the bureau, industry and operators for the design and use of HUD. The problems of aeronautical human factors in the design and use of HUD are sorted out. (2) the visual simulation system of the A320 cockpit, including the HUD and PFD display system, the 3D cockpit model and the 3D airport terrain, is built. And read flight rocker data control simulation flight. Based on the development of the A320 cockpit visual simulation system, the pilot detects the runway intrusion in the approaching landing scenario. The behavioral pattern and cognitive performance of pilots using HUD in runway intrusion scenarios were studied. (3) the eye movement and manual manipulation data were analyzed from two aspects of behavior pattern and cognitive performance, and the eye movement mode of runway intrusion was detected by HUD and PFD. Manual manipulating behavior and cognitive performance were used to verify whether the flight monitor significantly affected the pilots' behavior patterns and cognitive performance by one-way variance analysis. (4) the visual significance of information significantly affected the pilots' behavior patterns. Based on cognitive performance and flight information perception, a CISD-L (Color IntensitySite ShapeDirectionLocation) model is proposed to analyze the visual significance of cockpit. The CISD-L model is used to quantitatively analyze the visual significance of detecting runway intrusion with HUD during approach landing.
【学位授予单位】：中国民航大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：V355

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