云南大小石林景区景观特征及景观协调性研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 23:39

本文选题：石林景观 + 景观特征　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：云南石林景区是国家级风景名胜区,并于2004年和2007年分别列入世界地质公园和世界遗产名录。大小石林景区是整个石林景区的游览中心,展示了世界上一种独特的剑状喀斯特地貌,丰富的喀斯特地貌形态与植被、水体、气象等要素和谐组合,展现了非同寻常的自然美。本文将自然科学和人文科学相结合,分析大小石林景区的景观特征,探索保持石林景观协调性,维护石林世界自然遗产美学价值的方式。石林景观是以剑状喀斯特景观为主,辅以植被景观、水体景观、气象景观以及人文景观而构成的综合景观。在大小石林景区景观特征上,巨厚且岩石成分均一的碳酸盐岩,通过差异风化、土下溶蚀以及地表侵蚀作用,形成了丰富的单体、组合以及表面景观形态。地形分布和节理构造影响着景区内的石柱和游路的空间展布,在节理交汇处形成了空旷地,低洼地带形成高大密集的剑状喀斯特景观。此外,植被、藻类以及气象等景观要素给石林景观带来丰富的色彩变化。石林景区自然景观的构成要素如岩石、植被、水体等都处于自然演变的动态过程,但各种要素的变化速率差别极大。其中,石景的变化极小,植被变化最快。近年来,由于景区内的植被缺乏有效的管理,植物无节制的生长,石林的雄伟气势和优美形态已被遮掩和削弱,石林的“静”和植物的“动”矛盾凸显。过度生长的植被对石林景观造成的损害,包括遮挡石林、遮盖石林、覆盖石林、“淹没”石林、堵塞石林、“矮化”石林、杂化石林等景观视觉损害。此外,植物根劈作用损害石柱稳定性,外来物种损害生态系统。维护石林景观的协调性,重点是需要加强植被管理。论文结合景区内植被景观维护的经典案例,提出景观功能优先和维护本土植物以及常态化管理等7条植被管理原则,清除、通透、稀疏等10种植被修整方式。此外,为了维护石林景观的协调性,还需对景区内水体问题和不协调的建筑进行管理。
[Abstract]:Yunnan Stone Forest Scenic area is a national scenic spot which was listed on the World Geopark and World Heritage list in 2004 and 2007 respectively. The large and small stone forest scenic spot is the whole stone forest scenic spot tour center, has displayed one kind of unique sword karst geomorphology in the world, abundant karst geomorphology shape and the vegetation, the water body, the weather and so on essential factor harmonious combination, has displayed the unusual natural beauty. In this paper, natural science and human science are combined to analyze the landscape characteristics of stone forest scenic spots, to explore the ways to maintain the coordination of stone forest landscape and maintain the aesthetic value of stone forest world natural heritage. Stone forest landscape is composed of sword karst landscape, vegetation landscape, water landscape, meteorological landscape and human landscape. In the landscape characteristics of large and small stone forest scenic spots, the carbonate rocks with huge thickness and homogeneous rock composition formed abundant monomers, assemblages and surface landscape forms through differential weathering, soil erosion and surface erosion. The distribution of topography and the structure of joints affect the spatial distribution of stone columns and tour roads in the scenic area, forming an open area at the junction of joints, and a tall and dense sword karst landscape in the low-lying area. In addition, landscape elements such as vegetation, algae and meteorology bring rich color changes to the stone forest landscape. The elements of natural landscape such as rock vegetation and water are in the dynamic process of natural evolution but the rate of change of these elements is very different. Among them, the change of stone scenery is very small, vegetation changes fastest. In recent years, due to the lack of effective management of vegetation and the uncontrolled growth of plants, the majestic momentum and graceful form of stone forests have been obscured and weakened, and the contradiction between "stillness" of stone forests and "animals" of plants has been highlighted. The damage caused by overgrown vegetation to the landscape of stone forest, including blocking stone forest, covering stone forest, "submerged" stone forest, blocking stone forest, "dwarf" stone forest, and hybrid stone forest, and so on. In addition, plant root-splitting damage stone-pillar stability, alien species damage the ecosystem. To maintain the coordination of stone forest landscape, it is necessary to strengthen vegetation management. Based on the classic cases of vegetation landscape maintenance in the scenic area, this paper puts forward 7 vegetation management principles, such as landscape function priority and maintenance of native plants and normal management, such as clearing, permeating and thinning, and so on. In addition, in order to maintain the coordination of stone forest landscape, it is necessary to manage the water problems and uncoordinated buildings in the scenic area.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P901;F592.7

【参考文献】