新疆大喀纳斯旅游区生态系统服务价值评估与消耗研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 15:23

本文选题：生态系统服务 + 生态系统服务价值评估　；参考：《新疆农业大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以国内外生态系统服务类型及价值评估、人类行为对生态系统服务价值的影响、生态系统服务消耗等研究主题进行文献梳理，同时开展旅游环境影响问题相关文献分析，确立了研究选题和思路后，在对研究区自然地理和社会经济条件充分调研的基础上，以大喀纳斯旅游区为实证点，采用影像数据的遥感解译、研究区旅游发展实地调研与居民入户访谈等方法，借助生态系统服务价值和生态系统服务消耗评估模型，从供给与消耗两个层面，对以自然保护区为核心进行旅游开发后的实证区生态系统服务开展研究。主要研究结果如下：（1）基于人类需求的生态系统服务价值评估指标框架及其价值评估。研究分析了大喀纳斯旅游区森林、草地、冰川-湖泊-河流、城镇乡村、荒漠等类型生态系统结构特征及其所提供的生态系统服务类型，基于人类需要角度进行整合形成研究区生态系统服务分类体系；通过遥感手段获得研究区整体及主体旅游区各地类数据资料；利用2007年中国生态系统服务价值当量因子评估研究区整体及主体旅游区生态系统服务价值。由评估结果可知，研究区整体及主体旅游区2009年生态系统服务价值总额分别为人民币7.7123E+10元和1.1812E+10元；各类型的生态系统服务中物质产品生产服务价值分别占9.05%和9.36%，，生态安全维护服务价值分别占83.31%和83.05%，景观文化承载服务价值分别占7.64%和7.59%；提供服务的不同生态系统中森林生态服务价值占总服务价值分别为50.94%和57.69%；草地生态服务价值占总服务价值分别为43.03%和36.14%；湖泊河流等水体的生态服务占总服务价值分别为5.04%和5.86%；荒漠生态服务价值占总服务价值分别为1.00%和0.30%。比较而言，单位面积生态系统服务价值量主体旅游区大于总体区域。（2）居民生态系统服务消耗测算指标框架及其消耗研究。在研究区居民成分及活动特点调研基础上，结合统计资料数据开展当地居民生态系统服务消耗及其特征研究。结果表明，研究区2010年居民总体生态系统服务消耗达4.36E+19sej，其中村民生产型生态系统服务消耗所占比例最大，占总消耗量的68.2%。从构成来看，物质产品和生态安全维护两类生态系统服务中居民物质产品的生态系统服务消耗比重最大，达到总消耗水平的80.77%；物质产品服务中生产资料生产的消耗水平最高，生态安全维护服务中大气安全的消耗量所占比重较大。研究区三类居民中村民的生活型消耗水平最高，达90.67%。在不同生活型消耗项目中食物消耗水平是最高的，占总消耗的39.70%。（3）游客生态系统服务消耗结构框架及其消耗量测算。通过旅游交通、基础设施及接待设施建设等数据调查分析，开展游客食、住、行、游、购、娱、废弃物处理七类活动的生态系统服务消耗分析，计量测算游客2010年生态系统服务消耗。从总量上来看，游客2010年生态系统服务消耗总量为2.54E+19sej。从消耗构成上看，游客餐饮、住宿、旅游交通、游览、旅游娱乐、废弃物处理等旅游活动中餐饮活动的生态系统服务消耗水平最高，占总消耗的46.48%，其次为游憩活动的消耗水平，占总消耗量的27.76%。应引起关注的还有废弃物处理的消耗占总消耗的9.84%。从类型看，游客物质产品类生态系统服务的消耗比重最大，占总消耗的44.52%，此类服务中又以食物消耗所占比重最大。生态安全维护类生态系统服务消耗占总消耗的比重为27.72%，此类服务中CO2固定和废物吸收处理所占比重较大。（4）研究区生态系统负荷状况分析。借用相关数据指标，通过比较讨论研究区生态系统负荷状况。主要研究结果是主体旅游区生态系统服务的负荷能力系数为15.53，表明研究区2010年处于生态盈余状态；游客的生态系统服务日人均消耗是村民的2.64倍，表明游客个体单位时间内对本区生态系统服务影响更大；旅游季研究区生态系统服务总消耗量达4.77E+19sej，是非旅游季其间总消耗量的1.93倍。（5）研究区村民生计与其生态系统服务消耗的关系研究。将研究区居民消耗中的村民消耗数据与村民生计问题调查数据相结合，阐明村民生计资本、生计策略特征的同时，讨论不同生计策略、生计资本水平、不同空间和类型条件下村民生产型、生活型生态系统服务消耗特征。村民生计资本与生计策略的调查分析结果表明，研究区村民生计资本总体水平值为0.249，低于0.5的中间状态，各项指标中仅人力资本指标值高于0.5，其他四类指标值均小于0.5，其中物质资本在五类资本中水平最低，自然资本水平也处于较低状态。村民生计策略根据其收入来源及劳动力投入等条件分析，发现可分为参与旅游业型、畜牧业型、旅游畜牧兼业型、其他非农牧业型四种类型。不同生计策略、不同生计资本水平、不同空间和类型条件下村民总生态系统服务及生产型和生活型消耗的特征及相互关系分析方面，对村民家庭总体消耗状况研究结果表明村民总的生态系统服务消耗中生活型所占比重最大；村民空间分布因素对其生态消耗无显著影响，而村民类型是影响其生态系统服务消耗的因素；村民生计资本类型变量对其家庭的三类生态系统服务消耗都有影响，两类变量接近线性关系；村民生计策略变量是影响其家庭生态系统服务消耗的因素，其中生计策略对村民生产型生态系统服务消耗的影响最大，但两类变量线性关系不明显。对村民家庭生产型和生活型生态系统服务消耗研究结果表明，村民类型对其干草和水的生产型消耗有影响，村民空间分布对其生产型消耗水平影响不大。村民的生计资本和生计策略类型是影响村民干草和水两类生产型消耗的因素。不同村民类型对其生活型生态系统服务消耗项目均有影响，但线性关系不显著。而村民空间分布特征对其生活型消耗影响不显著。村民生计资本类型及生计策略类型不同，其各类生活型生态系统服务消耗项目均值水平差异显著，其中生计资本类型的影响程度较大，但两类自变量与因变量的线性关系拟合度较差。（6）以自然保护区为核心进行旅游开发的区域生态系统服务合理消耗的管理建议。从居民环境意识、旅游区基础设施建设、村民生计改善、游客管理等方面探讨研究区生态系统服务合理消耗的管理路径。
[Abstract]:Based on the types of ecosystem services and value assessment at home and abroad, the impact of human behavior on the value of ecosystem services, the consumption of ecosystem services and other research topics are reviewed, and the related literature analysis of the environmental impact of tourism is carried out. On the basis of full investigation and research, taking the Kanas tourism area as an empirical point, using remote sensing interpretation of image data, the field investigation of tourism development in the study area and the residents' household interview and other methods, with the help of the ecosystem service value and the ecosystem service consumption assessment model, from two levels of supply and consumption, the core of the nature reserve is the core. After the development of tourism, the research on ecosystem services in the demonstration area is carried out. The main findings are as follows:
(1) the evaluation index frame and value evaluation of ecosystem service value based on human needs. The structure characteristics of forest, grassland, glacier lake river, urban village, desert and other types of ecosystem services in Kanas tourism area are studied and analyzed. Regional ecosystem services classification system; data from the whole and the main tourist areas through remote sensing, and the evaluation of the ecosystem service value of the whole and the main tourist area by the value equivalent factor of China's ecosystem service in 2007. The overall and main tourist area of the study area is known by the evaluation results. The whole and the main tourist area of the study area in 2009. The total value of the ecosystem service value is RMB 7.7123E+10 yuan and 1.1812E+10 yuan respectively. The value of material products in various types of ecosystem services accounts for 9.05% and 9.36% respectively. The value of ecological security service is 83.31% and 83.05% respectively, and the value of landscape culture carrying service is 7.64% and 7.59%, respectively. The value of forest ecological service value in the ecosystem accounts for 50.94% and 57.69% of the total service value, and the value of the grassland ecological service value is 43.03% and 36.14%, respectively, and the total service value of the lakes and rivers is 5.04% and 5.86%, and the value of the desert ecological service value is 1% and 0.30%., respectively. Comparatively speaking, the value of the ecosystem service value per unit area is larger than that of the whole area.
(2) the index frame and its consumption research on the consumption of residents' ecosystem services. Based on the survey of the residents' components and activities in the study area, the study on the consumption and characteristics of local residents' ecosystem services was carried out on the basis of the statistical data. The results showed that the overall ecosystem service consumption of the residents in the study area was 4.36E+19sej in 2010. The proportion of people's livelihood based ecosystem services is the largest, accounting for the total consumption of 68.2%. from the composition of the total consumption of material products and ecological security maintenance two types of ecosystem services for the largest proportion of the ecological system service consumption, to 80.77% of the total consumption level, and the consumption of production data in the product service. The consumption of atmospheric security in the ecological security service is the highest. The living consumption level of the villagers in the three types of residents in the study area is the highest. The food consumption level of 90.67%. in different life consumption items is the highest, accounting for the total consumption of 39.70%..
(3) the framework of tourist ecosystem service consumption structure and its consumption measurement. Through the data survey and analysis of tourist traffic, infrastructure and reception facilities, the analysis of the consumption of ecological system services for tourists, housing, travel, travel, shopping, entertainment and waste disposal, and measuring the consumption of visitors' ecosystem services in 2010. As a result, the total consumption of ecosystem services for tourists in 2010 is 2.54E+19sej. from consumption. The consumption of catering activities in tourist activities such as tourist catering, accommodation, tourism, sightseeing, tourism and entertainment, waste disposal and other tourism activities is the highest, accounting for 46.48% of the total consumption, followed by the consumption level of recreational activities, accounting for total consumption. The amount of 27.76%. should be concerned, and the consumption of waste disposal accounts for the total consumption of 9.84%. from the type. The consumption proportion of the tourist material product ecosystem services is the largest, accounting for 44.52% of the total consumption, and the proportion of food consumption is the largest in this kind of service. The proportion of the ecological safety maintenance ecosystem service consumption accounts for the proportion of the total consumption. 27.72%, CO2 fixation and waste absorption treatment account for a large proportion of such services.
(4) the analysis of ecosystem load status in the study area. By using relevant data indicators, the ecological system load status of the research area is compared and discussed. The main research results are that the load capacity coefficient of the ecosystem services in the main tourist area is 15.53, which indicates that the study area is in the form of ecological surplus in 2010, and the per capita consumption of the tourist's ecosystem service day is in 2010. The 2.64 times of the villagers showed that the individual unit time of the tourists had a greater impact on the ecosystem services in the area, and the total consumption of ecosystem services in the tourist season study area was 4.77E+19sej, which was 1.93 times the total consumption in the non tourist season.
(5) study on the relationship between the livelihood of the village livelihood and the consumption of the ecosystem services. This paper combines the data of the villagers' consumption and the survey of the livelihood of the village, clarifies the villagers' livelihood capital and the characteristics of the livelihood strategy, and discusses the different livelihood strategies, the level of the livelihood of the capital, and the livelihood of the village under different space and types. The survey and analysis of the livelihood capital and Livelihood Strategy of villagers' livelihood capital shows that the total level of the living capital of the villagers in the study area is 0.249, lower than 0.5 in the middle state, only the index of human capital is higher than 0.5 in each index, and the other four categories are less than 0.5, of which material capital is in the five category. This is the lowest level, and the level of natural capital is also in a low state. According to the analysis of the sources of income and labor input, the villagers' livelihood strategy can be divided into four types: participation in tourism, animal husbandry, tourism and animal husbandry, and other types of non-agricultural and animal husbandry. Different livelihood strategies, different livelihood capital levels, different spaces and classes are found. In terms of the characteristics and relationships of the total ecological system service and the consumption of production and life type, the results of the overall consumption of villagers showed that the life type of the villagers' total ecosystem service consumption was the largest, and the villagers' spatial distribution had no significant influence on the ecological consumption, but the type of villagers had no significant influence on the ecological consumption. The factors affecting the consumption of ecosystem services are influenced by the villagers' livelihood capital type variables, which have an impact on the three types of ecosystem service consumption of their families, and the two types of variables are close to the linear relationship; the villagers' livelihood strategy variables are the factors affecting the consumption of their family ecosystem services, in which the livelihood strategy serves the villagers' productive ecosystem services. The effect of consumption is the greatest, but the linear relationship between the two types of variables is not obvious. The results of the study on the consumption of the villagers' family production and life type ecosystem services show that the villagers' type has an impact on the consumption of the hay and water, and the villagers' spatial distribution has little influence on the consumption level of the villagers. The types of the villagers' livelihood capital and the livelihood strategy are the types of the villagers' spatial distribution. The factors affecting the consumption of two types of production type of villagers' hay and water. Different types of villagers have influence on their life type ecosystem service consumption items, but the linear relationship is not significant. But the characteristics of the villagers' spatial distribution have no significant influence on their life type consumption. The types and types of livelihood strategies of villagers' livelihood capital are different, and their various types of living ecosystems are different. There is a significant difference in the average level of the average service consumption items, in which the type of livelihood capital has a greater degree of influence, but the fitting degree of the linear relationship between the two types of independent variables and the dependent variables is poor.
(6) the management suggestions on the rational consumption of regional ecosystem services for tourism development with the nature reserve as the core, from the environmental awareness of the residents, the infrastructure construction of the tourist area, the improvement of the livelihood of the villagers, and the management of the tourists, the rational consumption of the ecosystem services in the research area.

【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F592.7

【参考文献】