境外国家公园社区管理冲突:表现、溯源及启示

发布时间：2018-07-26 21:00

【摘要】：国家公园社区冲突研究对于目前中国正开展的国家公园体制试点工作具有指导意义。文章以境外国家公园社区冲突为现实案例,梳理公园管理机构与社区之间冲突的具体表现,发现社区冲突是由公园定界、公园生态保护和公园开发利用3个方面所引致,由此追根溯源至土地政策、利益机制和管理手段。当这三者置身于国家公园体制框架中时,从土地权属保障制度、社区参与制度和特许经营制度3个方面着手预防或改善公园与社区居民之间的关系是具有可操作性和针对性的。文章提出的4类土地权属关系可从一定程度上解决生态保护和社区发展的矛盾,PAC模式保证了社区在国家公园利益分配和补偿中的重要地位,透明顺畅的信息沟通增强社区对公园的信任和信心,社区特许经营制度向社区的倾斜可保障失地社区居民生计。当社区居民"得以偿失",社区冲突就会止于源头。
[Abstract]:The study of community conflict in national parks is of guiding significance to the pilot work of national park system in China. Taking the conflict of the community in the overseas national park as a practical case, this paper combs the concrete manifestation of the conflict between the park management organization and the community, and finds that the conflict of the community is caused by three aspects: the delimitation of the park, the ecological protection of the park and the exploitation and utilization of the park. This goes back to land policy, benefit mechanism and management means. When they are in the frame of national park system, it is feasible and pertinent to prevent or improve the relationship between park and community residents from three aspects: land tenure security system, community participation system and franchise system. The four types of land tenure relationship can solve the contradiction between ecological protection and community development to a certain extent. The PAC model ensures the important position of community in the distribution and compensation of national park benefits. The transparent and smooth information communication enhances the community's trust and confidence in the park, and the tilt of the community franchise system to the community can protect the livelihood of the lost community residents. When community residents "can compensate for the loss", community conflict will end at the source.
【作者单位】：湖北经济学院旅游与酒店管理学院;华侨大学旅游学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“国家公园资金保障机制与对策研究”(16BGL117)和“基于ERE复合系统的城市群旅游空间演化格局研究”(14BJY225) 湖北省教育厅人文社会科学研究青年项目“湖北省地质公园生态文化培育机制研究”(15Q171)共同资助~~
【分类号】：F591

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