基于GIS的中部六省旅游气候舒适度研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 18:41

【摘要】：中部地区地处我国内陆腹地,主要分布于东部季风区范围内,其纵跨中温带、暖温带和亚热带三个温度带,气候特征随时空变化十分显著。此外多样的自然风光与人文遗产造就了中部地区众多优质旅游资源,伴随着旅游业的快速发展,气候状况的变化对旅游活动的影响愈加显著,因此利用ArcGIS技术研究中部地区旅游气候舒适度的时空分布特征,旨在为丰富中部地区旅游产品,促进景区管理能力的提升,和为游客获得更优质的旅游体验等提供一定的理论依据。本文基于ArcGIS技术的支持,结合气候舒适度评价方法和综合旅游气候舒适度模型,以中部地区六省为研究区域,分析该地区旅游气候舒适度的时空变化特征。本研究利用中部地区88个气象台站近40年来(1971-2010年)的月均气候资料(包含月均气温、月均风速、月均相对湿度和月均日照时数),分析得出研究区省会城市气候要素的年内变化特征,并结合中部地区30m×30m的数字高程模型(DEM)数据,在ArcGIS空间栅格运算支持下,通过普通克里格法分别对以上四个气候因子进行空间插值,获得中部六省各气候因子的空间分布栅格图,并对研究区各季节旅游气候舒适度要素的空间变化进行分析,在此基础上结合气候舒适度评价方法叠加运算得出温湿指数、风效指数和着衣指数的空间分布图,最后由综合旅游气候舒适度模型探究旅游适宜期,并尝试对研究区开展旅游气候区划,以此来分析近40年来中部地区旅游气候舒适度的时空变化特征。经研究发现：(1)中部地区六省年内各月月均温及相对湿度的空间分布总体表现为自高纬向低纬地区递增的变化规律,而风速和日照时数的分布规律则相反。(2)温湿指数、风效指数和着衣指数的各月舒适性空间分布存在较大差异,表现为风效指数相对于气候因子的变化反应较另两个指数要滞后。(3)中部地区各地旅游气候适宜性在一年中的变化主要呈M型变化趋势,春、秋两季六省气候舒适性较高,冬、夏两季较低。(4)春、秋二季中部地区旅游气候区划具有极高相似性,冬、夏两季区划则表现出明显的纬向带状分布规律。本文共分为五部分：1、绪论。主要介绍“旅游气候舒适度”的研究背景、国内外相关研究进展及本研究的内容、技术路线和论文的特色与创新之处。2、研究区概况。主要对本次研究区域中部地区六省的自然地理概况(地理位置、地形地貌特征、气候特征)和近五年来旅游业发展概况进行介绍。3、数据来源与研究方法。主要对本研究所需数据,即1971-2010年间各气候因子数据和88个气象台站的选择与确定,以及中部六省数字高程模型(DEM)的获取进行介绍,同时对本文所需的模型与方法进行陈述。4、实证研究。集中于本文第四、五、六章,分别对应为①旅游气候舒适度相关要素分析。以气温、相对湿度、日照时数和风速这四个旅游气候舒适度气候因子为研究对象,探究中部六省各气候因子近40年来的年内变化趋势及各月空间分布特征。②旅游气候舒适度空间分布规律分析。探索中部六省温湿指数、风效指数和着衣指数的各月空间分布规律和变化特征。③气候舒适度背景下的旅游气候区划。结合综合旅游气候舒适度模型确定中部地区各地的旅游适宜性、旅游适宜期,根据旅游适宜性类别对中部六省进行旅游气候区划。5、结论与展望。对本文的结论、不足与展望进行说明。
[Abstract]:The central region is located in the inland hinterland of our country, mainly distributed in the eastern monsoon area, which has three temperature zones in the middle temperate zone, warm temperate zone and subtropical zone. The climatic characteristics vary greatly with the time and space. In addition, the diversity of natural scenery and cultural heritage has created many excellent tourism resources in the central region, accompanied by the rapid development of tourism industry. The change of weather conditions has more significant impact on tourism activities, so using ArcGIS technology to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the comfort degree of tourism climate in the central region is designed to provide a theoretical basis for enriching the tourism products in the central region, promoting the promotion of the management ability of the scenic spots, and providing a better tourist experience for tourists. With the support of ArcGIS technology, combined with the climate comfort evaluation method and the comprehensive tourism climate comfort model, six provinces in the central region were used as the research areas to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the tourist climate comfort in this area. The monthly average temperature of the 88 meteorological stations in the central region (including monthly average temperature, 1971-2010 years) was used in this study. The monthly mean wind speed, the monthly mean relative humidity and the monthly average sunshine hours are analyzed, and the annual variation characteristics of the climatic factors in the provincial capital city of the study area are analyzed. Combined with the data of the digital elevation model (DEM) of 30m x 30m in the central region, under the support of the ArcGIS space grid operation, the above four climatic factors are interpolated by the ordinary Kerrey lattice method. The spatial distribution grid of the climate factors of the six provinces in the central region was obtained, and the spatial variation of the climatic comfort factors of each season in the study area was analyzed. On this basis, the spatial distribution map of the temperature and humidity index, the wind efficiency index and the clothing index were obtained by the superposition calculation of the climate comfort evaluation method. Finally, the climate comfort degree model of the comprehensive tourism climate was made. In order to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of tourism climate comfort in the central region for the last 40 years, it is found that: (1) the spatial distribution of the average temperature and relative humidity in the six provinces in the middle of the middle of the year is the increasing variation of the self high latitude and low latitude regions. The distribution of wind speed and sunshine time is the opposite. (2) there is a great difference between temperature and humidity index, wind efficiency index and clothing index in each month, which shows that the response of wind efficiency index to climate factor is lagging behind the other two indexes. (3) the variation of tourism climate suitability in the middle of the region is mainly in one year. The climate of the six provinces in spring, autumn and two quarter is more comfortable, and the winter and the summer and the two quarter are lower in spring and autumn two. (4) the climatic zoning in the central region of the central region of spring, autumn and two season has a very high similarity, and the zonal zonal distribution of winter and summer two seasons is obvious. The paper is divided into five parts: 1, introduction. The study mainly introduces the study of "tourism climate comfort". Background, the relevant research progress at home and abroad, the content of this study, the characteristics and innovation of the technical route and paper,.2, the general situation of the research area, mainly introduce the general situation of the six provinces in the central region of the region (geographical location, topographic and geomorphic features, climate characteristics) and the general situation of tourism development in the last five years, and the data sources and the data sources Research methods, mainly the data required for this study, that is, the selection and determination of the climate factor data and the 88 meteorological stations in 1971-2010 years, and the acquisition of the digital elevation model (DEM) in the six provinces in the middle part of the paper. At the same time, the models and methods needed in this paper are stated.4, and the evidence is studied in this paper, which are concentrated in the fourth, fifth and six chapters of this paper. In order to analyze the factors related to the climate comfort of tourism, four climatic factors of climate comfort, such as temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and wind speed, are studied. The change trend and spatial distribution characteristics of each climate factor in the last 40 years in the six provinces of central China are explored. The spatial distribution and change characteristics of the monthly temperature and humidity index, the wind efficiency index and the clothing index in the six provinces. 3. The tourist climate zoning under the climate comfort background, combined with the comprehensive tourism climate comfort model to determine the tourist suitability in all parts of the central region, the tourist suitability period and the tourism climate in the six provinces of central China according to the suitability of travel travel. Zoning.5, conclusions and prospects. The conclusions, shortcomings and prospects of this paper are explained.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P463;F592.7

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