鄱阳湖国家湿地公园的开发和保护对周边社区利益的影响及对策研究

发布时间：2019-01-23 17:06

【摘要】：随着国家对湿地资源的重视和保护力度的增强，湿地公园成为湿地保护体系的重要组成部分。但是，湿地公园的开发和保护在给周边社区带来益处的同时也使社区的发展受到一定的限制。因此，湿地公园的开发和保护必须强调保护周边社区的利益，处理好湿地公园与周边社区的关系是对湿地公园进行有利开发和有效保护的重要前提。本文以鄱阳湖国家湿地公园及其周边社区为研究对象，运用外部性、利益相关者、可持续发展等理论，通过实地访谈和问卷调查法获取湿地公园对周边社区的影响因素、社区居民对湿地公园开发和保护的态度和意愿的数据，然后运用SPSS软件对所得数据进行因子分析、单因素方差分析以及其他统计分析。结果表明：①湿地公园对周边社区利益的影响有六大主因子，分别为就业因子、居住条件因子、精神财富因子、征地影响因子、旅游开发因子、资源综合利用因子。其中社区居民敏感度最高的因子是就业因子，居住条件因子次之，社区居民最不敏感的因子是资源综合利用因子；②性别差异对主因子1（就业因子）的选择存在显著性影响，家庭人均年收入差异对主因子4（征地影响因子）的选择存在显著性影响，，年龄差异对居民参与湿地公园工作意愿（以下简称“参与意愿”）的选择有显著性影响，受教育程度差异对参与意愿和自主经营意愿的选择有显著性影响，家庭人均年收入差异对自主经营意愿存在显著性影响。本文在以上分析结果的基础上，提出了以下对策建议：①对愿意参与到湿地公园相关工作中来的社区居民进行技能培训、提供就业机会；②完善对被征地居民的利益补偿；③给有较好经济实力及管理能力的家庭提供自主经营项目，给予政策支持；④在关注社区需求的基础上实行社区共管。
[Abstract]:With the national attention and protection of wetland resources, wetland park has become an important part of wetland protection system. However, the development and protection of wetland parks not only bring benefits to the surrounding communities, but also limit the development of the communities. Therefore, the development and protection of the wetland park must emphasize the protection of the interests of the surrounding communities, and handling the relationship between the wetland park and the surrounding communities is an important prerequisite for the beneficial development and effective protection of the wetland park. This paper takes Poyang Lake National Wetland Park and its surrounding communities as the research object, using the theories of externality, stakeholders, sustainable development and so on, obtains the influencing factors of the wetland park to the surrounding communities through field interviews and questionnaires. The data of community residents' attitude and willingness to wetland park development and protection were analyzed by factor analysis, single factor variance analysis and other statistical analysis using SPSS software. The results showed that: 1 Wetland park has six main factors on the interests of surrounding communities, which are employment factor, living condition factor, spiritual wealth factor, land expropriation factor, tourism development factor and comprehensive utilization factor of resources. Among them, the most sensitive factor of community residents is employment factor, the second factor is living condition factor, the least sensitive factor of community residents is the factor of comprehensive utilization of resources. (2) gender difference had a significant influence on the choice of main factor 1 (employment factor), and the difference of household income per capita had a significant influence on the choice of principal factor 4 (land expropriation factor). Age difference had significant influence on the choice of residents' willingness to participate in wetland park work (hereinafter referred to as "participation intention"), and the difference of education level had significant influence on the choice of participation will and independent management willingness. The difference of household income per capita has a significant effect on the willingness to operate autonomously. On the basis of the above analysis results, this paper puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions: (1) skills training for community residents who are willing to participate in the relevant work of wetland parks, 2) improving the compensation for the interests of the residents who have been expropriated, and (3) providing employment opportunities for the residents who are willing to participate in the relevant work in the wetland park. (3) providing self-management projects and policy support to families with better economic strength and management ability, and (4) implementing community co-management on the basis of paying attention to the needs of the community.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F592.7;TU986.5

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