美国的大数据国家战略研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 02:10

本文选题：美国 + 大数据　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着数据量的飞速增长,人类迈进了大数据时代。大数据在对传统计算技术和信息系统提出挑战的同时,也带来了技术创新与商业机遇,其中最主要的是通过大数据分析挖掘潜在的价值。美国之所以率先将大数据确立为国家战略,有着深厚的历史背景、技术背景和产业背景。美国大数据国家战略的主要措施包括国家安全、产业变革和大数据金融监管等方面。其中国家安全方面的三个关键词是数据主权、数据鸿沟和数据霸权。随着数据规模的迅速扩大,数据资源成为一种重要的战略信息资源。因此,在大数据时代,数据主权无疑将成为各个主权国家竭力争取和维护的重要内容。由于各国信息技术的发展存在较大差异,以及对数据资源的整合、分析决策能力的不同,导致了数据鸿沟的产生。以美国为代表的发达国家利用其在信息技术领域的优势,可能在全球范围内引发数据霸权的问题。在产业变革方面,以传统的制造业向数字化、智能化转型升级为代表,大数据对许多行业都产生了积极的促进作用,其中包括教育、医疗以及企业商业模式的转变等方面。在大数据金融监管方面,利用大数据技术对海量的微观金融数据进行系统分析,寻找相应监测指标,从而实现审慎监管。美国的大数据国家战略是一项自下而上的国家战略,是美国各界在对未来发展趋势达成共识的前提下开展的一致行动;美国政府只是对这一趋势的因势利导。美国的大数据国家战略在全球范围内也产生了广泛的溢出效应,越来越多的国家加入到制定和推广大数据国家战略的行列中,各国公共部门数据资源的跨国流动和自由使用成为可能,这为改善全球公共治理水平提供了很好的契机。由于大数据技术本身也在不断更新和发展,这将对全球经济乃至人类社会产生何种影响在很大程度上是难以预知的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of data volume, mankind has entered the era of big data. Big data not only challenges the traditional computing technology and information system, but also brings technological innovation and business opportunities, in which the most important is mining the potential value through big data analysis. The reason why the United States took the lead in establishing big data as a national strategy has a deep historical background, technical background and industrial background. The main measures of big data national strategy include national security, industrial reform and big data financial supervision and so on. The three key words of national security are data sovereignty, digital divide and data hegemony. With the rapid expansion of data scale, data resource has become an important strategic information resource. Therefore, in the era of big data, data sovereignty will undoubtedly become an important content for all sovereign states to strive for and maintain. Due to the great differences in the development of information technology in different countries, the integration of data resources and the difference in the ability to analyze and make decisions, the digital divide has emerged. The developed countries, represented by the United States, take advantage of their advantages in the field of information technology, which may lead to the problem of data hegemony in the world. In the aspect of industrial transformation, with the traditional manufacturing industry turning to digitalization and intelligent transformation and upgrading, big data has played an active role in promoting many industries, including education, medical treatment and the transformation of business model. In the aspect of big data financial supervision, we use big data technology to analyze the massive microfinancial data systematically, and find out the corresponding monitoring index, so as to realize prudential supervision. The big data national strategy of the United States is a bottom-up national strategy, which is a concerted action by all sectors of the United States on the premise of reaching a consensus on the future development trend; the United States government is only a favorable guide to this trend. The big data national strategy of the United States has also produced a wide range of spillover effects in the global scope. More and more countries have joined the ranks of formulating and promoting the national strategy of big data. Cross-border flow and free use of public sector data resources are possible, which provides a good opportunity to improve the level of global public governance. As the big data technology itself is constantly updated and developed, it is difficult to predict to a large extent what impact this will have on the global economy and even the human society.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F49

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