电商线下“生鲜圈”配送中心选址研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 20:10

本文关键词：电商线下“生鲜圈”配送中心选址研究　出处：《太原理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在国家“互联网+”政策支持的背景下,我国生鲜电子商务(简称生鲜电商)发展迅速,形成了四种主要的电商模式:平台生鲜电商、区域生鲜电商、物流生鲜电商、传统渠道生鲜电商。由于生鲜食品保鲜期短、易腐败、长途冷链运输成本高,导致生鲜电商企业长期处于亏损状态,不利于生鲜行业的长远发展;此外,随着居民生活水平的提高,人们对生鲜食品新鲜度的要求逐年提高,这也要求电商企业提升生鲜配送的时效性。配送中心作为物流配送系统的节点和中间枢纽,可以有效缩短生鲜的运输时间,降低生鲜损腐率,提升配送速率,因此,研究“生鲜圈”配送中心选址具有重要的现实意义和科学价值。首先,本文梳理了关于配送中心选址的理论基础,阐述了配送中心的定义和深层次的含义,分析了配送中心的作用和生鲜的主要运作模式。其次,本文阐释了配送中心选址应该遵循的原则和选址的影响因素,并详细介绍了选址的一般程序。并在现阶段基础上,详细介绍了我国配送中心选址的常用方法。最后,整理了生鲜食品需求量预测理论,包括作用、原理、方法,重点介绍灰色预测模型,为预测区域内生鲜需求量提供依据。然后,本文在国内外对生鲜食品配送中心选址研究的基础上,基于生鲜食品和其他产品的差异,提出构建“生鲜圈”配送中心选址模型,在先前学者模型的基础上进行细化,将生鲜按两个品类进行模型构建,增加了生鲜配送中心选址的科学性和和合理性,并用遗传算法求解选址问题。最后,以太原市为例应用配送中心选址模型,根据太原市发展的现状,应用灰色预测模型预测居民区内生鲜需求量。再以需求量为依据,为太原市某电商进行生鲜配送中心选址,首先利用调查和初步专家评价,确定备选点,然后利用遗传算法求解模型,获得最佳候选点,使得固定成本、运输成本、损耗成本等总和最小化。最后对选址模型中参数进行灵敏度分析,对选址结果进行评价,确定最终选址。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the national "Internet" policy support, fresh e-commerce (abbreviated as fresh e-commerce) has developed rapidly in China, forming four main e-commerce models: platform fresh e-commerce, regional fresh e-commerce. Logistics fresh e-commerce, traditional channels, fresh food preservation period is short, easy to corruption, long distance cold chain transport costs high, leading to a long-term loss of fresh e-commerce enterprises. Not conducive to the long-term development of fresh industry; In addition, with the improvement of the living standards of residents, the demand for fresh food freshness has been raised year by year. This also requires e-commerce enterprises to improve the timeliness of fresh distribution. As the node and intermediate hub of logistics distribution system, distribution center can effectively shorten the fresh transportation time, reduce the fresh loss rate, and improve the distribution rate. Therefore, the study of "fresh ring" distribution center location has important practical significance and scientific value. First, this paper combs the theoretical basis of distribution center location. This paper expounds the definition and deep meaning of distribution center, analyzes the function of distribution center and the main operation mode of fresh distribution center. Secondly, this paper explains the principle of distribution center location and the influencing factors of location selection. The general procedure of location selection is introduced in detail. On the basis of the present stage, the common methods of location selection of distribution center in China are introduced in detail. Finally, the theory of forecasting the demand for fresh food, including function and principle, is arranged. Methods the grey forecasting model was introduced in order to provide the basis for forecasting the demand of fresh food in the region. Then, this paper studied the location of fresh food distribution center at home and abroad. Based on the difference between fresh food and other products, this paper puts forward a "fresh circle" distribution center location model, on the basis of previous scholars' model to refine, the fresh according to the two categories of the model construction. Increase the location of fresh distribution center scientific and reasonable, and use genetic algorithm to solve the location problem. Finally, take Taiyuan as an example to apply the distribution center location model, according to the development of Taiyuan City. The grey forecasting model is used to forecast the fresh water demand in residential area. Based on the demand, the location of the fresh distribution center for an electronic merchant in Taiyuan is selected. Firstly, the alternative points are determined by using the investigation and preliminary expert evaluation. Then genetic algorithm is used to solve the model to obtain the best candidate points, so as to minimize the sum of fixed cost, transportation cost, loss cost and so on. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the parameters in the model is carried out. The result of site selection is evaluated and the final location is determined.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F724.6;F259.2

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