基于缓堵的主线收费站设计关键参数研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 01:15

本文关键词： 缓堵收费站设计参数仿真　出处：《河北工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高速公路作为最基本的交通运输设施,因其高效廉价的特点成为现代公路运输的核心。经济的快速发展和全球经济的大融合,以高速公路为主要运输方式的现代物流业的发展迅猛。另一方面,随着国民收入的增加和我国汽车工业的发展,而公路出行方便快捷的特点使得它受到自驾一族的青睐。货运与客运两方面的共同推动,导致了高速公路车流量的成倍增长。然而,随着我国高速公路的迅猛发展,高速公路收费站的通行能力往往不能很好的与高速公路的通行能力相匹配,导致在收费站处经常发生交通拥堵,影响了高速公路的通行能力,严重时甚至造成主路交通中断。与此同时,收费站对交通系统通行能力的瓶颈作用也体现在环境污染、交通安全等问题上。我国高速公路交通工程的研究工作却相对滞后,既存的收费站设计、建设规范不完善,国内外研究也并未形成完整理论。本文以京津冀地区主线收费站作为研究对象,侧重于分析提高收费站通行能力的途径,为收费站的规划、设计、管理和建设提供科学的理论依据。本文对现有高速公路收费站的平面线性布置、车辆参数、收费服务现状等进行数据调查,充分分析现有高速公路收费站的运行模式、交通流特性、拥堵原因以及现有复式收费模式的优缺点,找出改进收费站的突破口。在节约土地资源、减少扩建成本的前提下,根据相关调查和分析,结合目前的交通工程学、交通工程设施设计标准规范,提出改进优化的新型收费站模型,确定其运行过程、线性参数、标志标线设计、交通控制以及突发情况处理。并利用VISSIM仿真软件对新型收费站的关键参数进行了仿真计算,建立新型收费站的详细模型图。本设计实现了以下三个方面的改进:第一,首次提出了单入双出复式收费的小客车专用车道模型,确定了全新的交通流分配方案。并通过计算机仿真计算,优化了收费车道长度,将收费站运行效率最优化。新模型大大提高了收费站的通行能力,对于缓解交通拥堵有重要意义。第二,优化了收费站的布局,充分利用收费站的纵向空间。提高收费站的土地利用率,节约土地面积。有助于缓解交通建设和耕地紧张之间的矛盾。第三,新模型通过减少拥堵排队时车辆的起制动次数,降低了油耗和尾气排放。节约资源,保护环境,为低碳交通提供新的思路。
[Abstract]:As the most basic transportation facilities, freeway has become the core of modern road transportation because of its high efficiency and low cost, the rapid development of economy and the integration of global economy. On the other hand, with the increase of national income and the development of China's automobile industry, the modern logistics industry, which takes the highway as the main mode of transportation, is developing rapidly. The convenience of highway travel makes it favored by self-driving people. The joint promotion of freight and passenger traffic leads to the increase of freeway traffic. However. With the rapid development of expressway in our country, the capacity of toll collection station is often not well matched with the capacity of highway, which leads to traffic congestion at toll station. At the same time, the bottleneck effect of toll station on traffic capacity is also reflected in environmental pollution. On traffic safety and other issues, the research work of highway traffic engineering in China is relatively lagging behind, the existing toll station design, construction norms are not perfect. The research at home and abroad has not formed a complete theory. This paper takes the main line toll station in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area as the research object, focusing on the analysis of the ways to improve the capacity of toll stations, for the planning and design of toll stations. Management and construction provide a scientific theoretical basis. This paper carries out a data survey on the plane linear layout, vehicle parameters, toll service status of the existing expressway toll stations. This paper fully analyzes the operation mode, traffic flow characteristics, congestion reasons and the advantages and disadvantages of the existing double toll collection mode, and finds out the breakthrough to improve the toll collection station. Under the premise of reducing the cost of expansion, according to the relevant investigation and analysis, combined with the current traffic engineering, traffic engineering facilities design standards and specifications, an improved and optimized new toll station model is proposed to determine its operation process. Linear parameters, marking design, traffic control and emergency handling. The key parameters of the new toll station are simulated and calculated by VISSIM simulation software. Build the detailed model diagram of the new toll station. The design has realized the following three aspects of improvement: first, the first time to put forward a single-in-double-out dual-type passenger car special lane model. The new traffic flow allocation scheme is determined and the length of toll lane is optimized by computer simulation. The operation efficiency of toll station is optimized. The new model greatly improves the capacity of toll station. To alleviate traffic congestion has an important significance. Second, optimize the layout of toll stations, make full use of the vertical space of toll stations, and improve the land use rate of toll stations. Saving land area. It helps to alleviate the contradiction between traffic construction and cultivated land tension. Third, the new model reduces fuel consumption and exhaust emissions by reducing the number of braking times of vehicles in congested queues. Protect the environment and provide new ideas for low-carbon transportation.
【学位授予单位】：河北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U417.7

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