过程管理在市政供暖锅炉改造工程中的应用与实践

发布时间：2018-06-11 10:20

本文选题：供暖锅炉改造工程 + 过程管理　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：市政工程是城市的基础设施工程的重要组成部分，市政工程的质量事故的社会危害严重，不但会影响群众公共利益、政府和党在群众中的形象，严重的还会威胁到人民群众的生命和财产安全。中国政府一贯对基础设施的建设十分重视，专门发布通知，要求加强基础设施建设的质量管理，落实相关领导的责任制，以保障人民生命财产安全和公共利益。随着经济快速发展，，政府有了更资金投入市政工程建设之中，尽管市政工程因投资大、对社会经济起重要作用而广受关注，监督管理的力度不断加大，但是工程中的质量问题、浪费问题依然很严重，因此在市政工程管理方面的研究是十分必要，也是十分急迫的。国外市政工程多采用过程管理的方法，其优势体现在：工程项目的管理单位和施工单位均采用专业队伍，人员素质较高，同时注重教育与专业技能的培训工作，强化施工人员的质量意识，使全体人员参与到质量控制中来；由于受行政干预较少，工程在工期管理方面更合理、更科学，有助于保证工程质量。通过学习国外管理经验，国内一些工程项目也采用了这种管理方式。实践表明，过程管理方法对保证工程质量、控制建设成本、保障项目工期等方面具有重要作用。国内市政工程受行政干预较多，管理上较为落后。表现在对工程前期论证不够重视，工程管理队伍、施工队伍专业技术人员匮乏，施工过程管理较粗放，多为事后管理，这种管理方式容易造成投资超过预算，工程的质量也难以保证，由于工程隐患和质量问题往往在事后才被发现，难以得到及时处理，而造成较大损失。本文通过工业工程理论知识学习，结合过程控制、全面质量管理的相关理论、方法和理念，参考这一领域专家学者的研究成果，总结市政工程管理中的一些经验，认为引入过程管理，可以有效保证市政工程的质量。过程管理从市政工程项目的前期策划与决策开始，直至工程竣工运营，对项目的各阶段、各环节，尤其是对工程质量、进度影响较大的环节进行控制、监督和管理。随着社会与经济的发展，人民生活水平的提高，工程质量涵盖的范围越来越广泛，不仅仅局限于简单的工程施工质量。因此过程管理要完成的目标和任务包括：工程项目的质量、工程项目的进度、工程项目的成本、环境保护、职业健康和社会效益等6个方面。北京经济技术开发区对区内东工业区和三羊社区锅炉房改造工程是配合北京市完成“十二五”期间“北京市清洁空气行动计划”而进行的项目，工程将原有的燃煤供暖锅炉改造为燃气供暖锅炉。改造后，每年可减少烟尘排放25.852吨、二氧化硫137.338吨、氮氧化物47.053吨、炉渣1492.944吨、粉煤灰163.19吨，环境效益显著。在项目实施过程中，建设单位对工程从前期论证开始至供暖运营进行了全过程的控制、监督和管理。管理措施包括控制工程进度的措施、控制建设成本的措施和保障工程质量的措施等。通过整个工程周期的过程管理，开发区综配区亦庄东工业区、三羊小区锅炉房改造工程在供暖期之前按时完成，工程质量通过初步验收，居民对供暖质量总体满意；在劳动力成本增加、原材料价格上涨的条件下，工程投资基本按预算完成；工程施工期间未发生安全责任事故，未收到环保方面的举报与投诉。工程在管理和质量控制方面是成功的。考察市政工程的质量是一个长期、系统的过程。就本次锅炉改造工程而言，在工程涉及范围之内，锅炉房建设的质量、供暖锅炉的质量、供水系统的质量、供暖管线的质量都会影响供暖服务的质量；而在更大的范畴中：市政天然气、市政自来水、市政排水、市政供电、市政通讯、道路交通、建筑质量（居民建筑的保温性能），整体系统中任一环节的质量问题，都可能对供暖质量造成影响。保障市政工程系统中各个环节的质量，对整个系统正常运转、服务十分重要。因此，尽管过程管理需要建设部门投入更多人力、资金，需要建立专业技术队伍，但就这一点来看，是必要的，也是值得的。
[Abstract]:Municipal Engineering is an important part of the infrastructure project of the city. The social harm of the quality accidents of municipal engineering is serious. It will not only affect the public interests, but also the image of the government and the party in the masses, and the serious threat to the people's life and property security. In order to ensure the safety of the people's life and property and the public interests, the government has paid more money to the construction of municipal engineering, although the municipal engineering has played an important role in the social economy. The intensity of supervision and management is increasing, but the problem of quality and waste in the project is still very serious. Therefore, it is very necessary and urgent to study the management of municipal engineering.
The method of process management is mostly adopted in foreign municipal engineering. Its advantages are as follows: the management unit and the construction unit of the project are all with professional team, high quality of personnel, at the same time pay attention to the training work of education and professional skills, strengthen the quality consciousness of the construction personnel, and make all the staff participate in the quality control. The project is more reasonable and more scientific and helps to ensure the quality of the project. Through the study of foreign management experience, some domestic engineering projects have also adopted this management method. The practice shows that the process management method plays an important role in guaranteeing the quality of the project, controlling the construction cost, and guaranteeing the project time.
There are many administrative interventions in domestic municipal engineering, and the management is relatively backward. It is manifested in the lack of attention to the early demonstration of the project, the engineering management team, the lack of professional and technical personnel of the construction team, the extensive management of the construction process and the post management, which easily causes the investment to exceed the budget, and the quality of the project is difficult to guarantee, because of the engineering quality. Cheng Yinhuan and quality problems are often found after the event, which is difficult to deal with in time, resulting in greater losses.
Based on the theoretical knowledge of industrial engineering, the related theories, methods and concepts of total quality management are combined with process control, and the research results of experts and scholars in this field are used to sum up some experiences in municipal engineering management. It is believed that the quality of municipal engineering can be effectively guaranteed by the introduction of process management. Process management is from municipal engineering projects. The early planning and decision-making start until the completion of the project operation, all stages of the project, each link, especially the quality of the project, the progress of the greater impact of the process of control, supervision and management.
With the development of society and economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the scope of engineering quality covers more and more widely, not limited to simple construction quality. Therefore, the objectives and tasks to be completed by process management include: the quality of the project, the progress of the project, the cost of the project, the environmental protection, the occupational health and the society. It will benefit 6 aspects.
The reconstruction project of Beijing economic and Technological Development Zone on the inner east industrial area and the San sheep community boiler room is a project carried out in conjunction with the "12th Five-Year" "Beijing clean air action plan" during the "12th Five-Year" period in Beijing. The project transforms the original coal-fired heating boiler into a gas heating boiler. After the transformation, 25.852 tons of smoke and dust can be reduced each year. 137.338 tons of sulfur dioxide, 47.053 tons of nitrogen oxides, 1492.944 tons of slag, 163.19 tons of fly ash, and significant environmental benefits.
During the implementation of the project, the construction unit controls, supervises and manages the whole process from the beginning of the early demonstration to the heating operation. The management measures include measures to control the progress of the project, the measures to control the cost of construction and the measures to ensure the quality of the project.
Through the process management of the whole period of the project, the Yizhuang East Industrial District of the comprehensive distribution area, the transformation project of the boiler room of the three sheep residential district was completed on time before the heating period. The quality of the project passed the preliminary acceptance, and the residents were satisfied with the heating quality as a whole; under the condition of the increase of labor cost and the rising of the raw material price, the project investment was basically completed according to the budget. No accidents occurred during the construction period, and no environmental protection reports and complaints were received. The project was successful in management and quality control.
The quality of the boiler building, the quality of the heating boiler, the quality of the water supply system and the quality of the heating line will affect the quality of the heating service in the scope of the boiler renovation project. In the larger category, the municipal natural gas and the municipal government are in the larger scope. Water, municipal drainage, municipal power supply, municipal communications, road traffic, building quality (thermal insulation performance of residential buildings), quality problems in any part of the whole system may affect the quality of heating. It is important to ensure the quality of every link in the municipal engineering system and the service of the whole system. It is necessary and worthwhile for the construction department to invest more manpower and capital and build up a professional and technical team.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU832;TU71

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