柬埔寨农业合作社发展的问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 21:18

本文关键词：柬埔寨农业合作社发展的问题研究　出处：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：柬埔寨是世界发展中国家之一,位于中南半岛的东南亚南部,是东南亚国家联盟(东盟)成员。农业是柬埔寨经济的支柱。2012年,农业贡献了37%的GDP和约67%的劳动力就业。但在过去10年,柬埔寨的农业GDP增长一直维持在4%和5%的增长率,仍然落后于工业和服务业的增长。自1993年以来经历了经济的快速增长,2012年国内生产总值增长了7.3%。2007年以来,贫困率下降了一半以上,但是五分之一的人口仍生活在贫困线以下,收入不平等情况有所增加。水稻是重要的商品出口。在2013年,柬埔寨出口了120万吨大米,占全球大米出口总量的3%以上。因资金不足,国家无力从农民手中购买大米,结果农民只能把大米卖给邻国。农业合作社作为一种重要且宝贵的制度资源,是市场经济条件下弱势群体联合起来满足自身经济和社会需要的企业和社会团体,是家庭经营的必要补充,是农业产业化的有效载体和组织形式,可以使农业更好地适应国际市场竞争,可以促进农业决策的科学化与合理化并保障农业政策的顺利实施,同时也还是对农民进行教育的最佳载体。可见,农业合作社是保障和提高农民利益、平衡贫富两极分化、维持社会稳定、促进经济发展的有效方法。因此,构建和发展农业合作社,满足农民的合作需求,就显得非常重要和必要。本文的具体研究目的共有四点。第一是介绍柬埔寨农业合作社法和农业合作社现状。第二是分析农业合作社对国家农业与农村发展的作用。第三是分析影响柬埔寨农业合作社发展的因素。最后,提出加快柬埔寨农业合作社发展的对策与政策建议。本文分为六个部分:第一部分是前言。第二部分对农业合作社的基本理论包括农业合作社的内涵、农业合作社的特点、农业合作社的原则以及农业合作社的作用进行阐释与分析,为下文的分析提供理论依据。第三部分研究柬埔寨农业现状、柬埔寨农业合作法、柬埔寨农业合作社分布特征和柬埔寨农业合作社的作用。第四部分研究柬埔寨农业合作社发展存在的问题以及成因。第五部分研究了美国和中国农业合作社发展模式、中国农业合作社发展的政策支持与中国农业合作社发展对柬埔寨的启示。第六部分提出加快柬埔寨农业合作社发展的对策建议。本文的研究意义在于,从理论意义来看,农业合作社在食品安全和农村发展中发挥着非常重要的作用。农业合作社的潜在作用应该重视,它有助于提高农民的农业生产力,并让农民更容易地获取市场营销、储蓄、信贷、保险、技术等服务。农民合作社既可以用来连接农户与市场,又能增加粮食生产。从实践意义来看,本文研究对柬埔寨农业合作社发展的支持、扩大这方面的知识而且促进社会和谐发展方面具有重要的实践指导意义。柬埔寨农业合作社对农业与农村发展具有积极作用。随着农业合作社不断地增加,农业合作社存在着需要各方面的支持与进行改善的问题。通过研究得到的结论为五点。第一是柬埔寨农业合作社发展呈现农业合作社数量不断增加、农业合作社为社员提供低息贷款、农业合作社的专业化程度逐渐提高和农业合作社区域发展不均衡的特点。第二是柬埔寨农业合作社存在着农业合作社层面和政府层面两方面的问题,其中农业合作社层面的问题主要有农业合作社董事会及监事会的工作效率较低、社员参与农业合作社经营程度低和抵御风险的能力较弱等。第三,导致农业合作社发展存在上述问题的原因,主要有农民的教育程度较低、基础设施缺乏、农业的信息渠道少、保障良好投资环境措施的缺乏和“关系”主义制度六大因素。第四,通过对典型的发达国家一一美国和典型的发展中国家一一中国有关农业合作社发展经验的总结与分析,得到农业合作社发展对柬埔寨的有益启示。美国对柬埔寨的启示有以农机合作社为依托,坚持土地规模经营;加强农业基础地位,促进工农融合;政府应针对农机合作社发展情况进行适度扶持;完善农机合作社内部运营机制,提高社会化服务水平。中国对柬埔寨的启示有重视开展农业合作社的教育和培训;创新生产经营方式,提高农业生产效率与产品附加值;坚持合作社原则基础上完善利益分配与保障机制;正确发挥政府在合作社发展中的作用。第五,本文提出了对策建议。首先是提高农业合作社的生产经营效率;其次是提高普通社员参与农业合作社的经营程度;再次是增强农业合作社抵御自然风险和市场风险的能力;第四是建立与政府沟通的工作部门;最后是加大政府的支持力度。
[Abstract]:Kampuchea is one of the developing countries in the world, is located in the southern Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia, is the association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) members. Agriculture is the pillar industry of Kampuchea.2012 economy, agriculture accounts for 37% of GDP and 67% of the labor force. But in the past 10 years, Kampuchea's agricultural GDP growth has been maintained at 4% and 5% growth rate, still lags behind the growth of industry and service industry. Since 1993 has experienced rapid economic growth since 2012, GDP growth of 7.3%.2007 years, the poverty rate fell by more than half, but 1/5 people are still living below the poverty line, income inequality has been increasing. Rice is an important commodity for export in 2013, Kampuchea exported 1 million 200 thousand tons of rice, rice exports accounted for more than 3% of the world. Due to lack of funds, the state can not afford to buy rice from farmers, the farmers can only put the big M sold to neighboring countries. Agricultural cooperatives as an important and valuable system resources, is the vulnerable groups under the condition of market economy combined to meet their economic and social needs of enterprises and social organizations, is a necessary supplement of the family management, is the effective carrier and organization form of agricultural industrialization, can make agriculture better adapt to the international market competition that can promote the agricultural scientific and reasonable and ensure the smooth implementation of the policy of agriculture, but also is the best carrier for farmers education. Therefore, agricultural cooperatives is to protect and improve the farmers' interests, the balance between the rich and the poor to maintain social stability, the effective method to promote economic development. Therefore, the construction and development of agricultural cooperatives. Meet the farmers' demand for cooperation, it is very important and necessary to study the concrete. A total of four points. The first is the introduction of Kampuchea agriculture For the law society and agricultural cooperatives status. The second is the analysis of role of agricultural cooperatives to the national agriculture and rural development. The third is to analyze the impact factors of the development of agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea. Finally, put forward to accelerate the development of agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea countermeasures and policy suggestions. This paper is divided into six parts: the first part is the preface. The second part of the basic theory including the connotation of agricultural cooperatives of agricultural cooperatives, the characteristics of agricultural cooperatives, agricultural cooperatives and agricultural cooperatives in the role of the principle of interpretation and analysis, for the following analysis provides a theoretical basis. The third part studies the status of Kampuchea agriculture, Kampuchea agricultural cooperation, Kampuchea agricultural cooperatives and agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea distribution function. The fourth part studies the existence and development of agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea problems and the causes. The fifth part of the United States and in The development model of agricultural cooperatives in the Enlightenment of the development of agricultural cooperatives, China policies to support the development of agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea and China. The sixth part puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to accelerate the development of agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea. The significance of this study, from the theoretical point of view, the agricultural cooperatives play a very important role in food security and rural development potential. The role of agricultural cooperatives should pay attention to, it is helpful to improve the agricultural productivity of farmers, and make it easier for farmers to obtain marketing, savings, credit, insurance, technology and other services. Farmers' cooperatives can be used to connect farmers with the market, but also can increase the grain production. In practice, this paper studies on Kampuchea agricultural support the development of cooperatives, has important practical significance to expand the knowledge and promote the harmonious development of the society of Kampuchea. The agricultural cooperative has positive effects on agriculture and rural development. With the increase of agricultural cooperatives, agricultural cooperatives problems need all the support and improvement. Through the conclusions of the study was five points. The first is the development of agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea agricultural cooperatives show the growing number of agricultural cooperatives to provide low interest loans for members. The degree of specialization of agricultural cooperatives and agricultural cooperatives gradually improve the unbalanced regional development. Second agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea there are two aspects of the agricultural cooperative level and government level, the level of agricultural cooperatives are the main problems of agricultural cooperatives in the board of directors and board of supervisors and the work efficiency is low, low level members participate in agricultural cooperative operation and the ability to resist the risk. Third, lead to the problems of agricultural cooperatives The reason mainly has the low level of education, lack of infrastructure, agricultural information channel is few, protect the good investment environment measures and the lack of "relationship" doctrine of six factors. Fourth, based on the typical developed countries the United States and one typical development Chinese family 11 summary and Analysis on agricultural development experience China the cooperative and beneficial enlightenment to the development of Kampuchea agricultural cooperatives in Kampuchea. With the Enlightenment of American agricultural cooperatives as the basis, adhere to the land scale management; strengthen the position of agriculture as the foundation, to promote the integration of workers and peasants; governments should focus on the development of agricultural cooperatives are moderate support; perfect agricultural cooperatives internal operation mechanism, improve the level of social services. China enlightenment to Kampuchea's agricultural cooperatives attach importance to education and training; the innovation of production, improve the production efficiency of agricultural industry and The added value of products; adhere to the basic principle of cooperatives improve the distribution of interests and safeguard mechanism; right to play the role of the government in the development of cooperatives. In fifth, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions. The first is to improve the efficiency of production and operation of agricultural cooperatives; second is to improve the management level and ordinary members of agricultural cooperatives; enhance the ability to resist agricultural cooperatives is again natural risk and market risk; the fourth is to establish communication with the government departments; and finally increase the support of government.

【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F321.42

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