陕西猕猴桃果品质量安全生产现状与对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 14:17

【摘要】：通过对世界猕猴桃产业发展现状分析,列举世界猕猴桃生产先进国家新西兰在果品质量安全方面的先进经验,结合我国猕猴桃生产及果品质量安全的实际,剖析陕西猕猴桃生产、贮运和加工、市场营销以及经济效益现状,通过文献查阅、试验研究、田间调查、资料分析,从生产技术、投入品使用、采后贮运以及生产环境等多方面进行深入研究,得出影响陕西猕猴桃果品质量安全的主要因素,结合生产实际,提出解决陕西猕猴桃果品质量安全问题的有效途径,从根本上缩短与国际猕猴桃生产国的差距,为进一步加快陕西猕猴桃由产业大省向产业强省的转变,使其真正成为果农致富的渠道提供借鉴,主要结果如下:1、影响陕西猕猴桃果品质量安全的因素(1)栽培技术落后,标准化程度低:主要表现在生产关键技术方面,不重视授粉技术,果形指数较低;只注重产量,忽视果品质量,过量挂果,导致树体衰弱,抗性降低,溃疡病滋生;(2)生产投入品混乱,化学合成物质投入过大:为了追求产量,忽视有机肥的使用,过量使用膨大剂素、化肥等,也是导致树体衰弱,果品质量下降,病害滋生的重要原因之一;(3)采后贮运不当,可食率低:为了追求效益,早采生采上市,果实养分积累不够,果品质量差;为了延长市场供应,在贮藏期间过量使用保鲜剂和降低贮藏温度,导致果实不能实现生理衰老,同时伴有冷(冻)害发生,导致果实腐败变质;另外采收制度混乱,方法粗放也是影响果品质量下降的主要因素;(4)环境污染严重,商品性下降:近年来陕西猕猴桃主产区周至、眉县周边碎石采沙现象普遍,猕猴桃受粉尘、汽车尾气污染越来越严重,而且在严重地区部分重金属含量超标,对消费者身心健康造成潜在威胁。2、提高陕西猕猴桃果品质量安全的有效途径(1)推行标准化技术,提高管理水平:采用“大棚架”建园,“羽”状整形,合理留枝留果,商品花粉授粉。(2)禁止使用高毒、高残留投入品,严格控制化学合成激素类物质:禁止使用果实膨大剂、违禁农药,控制保鲜剂、化肥的使用量,增施有机肥,降低果实残留,提高土壤有机质含量。(3)制定采收贮运标准,严把果品质量关:推行无损检测技术,以果实干物质含量确定成熟度,以品种特性确定贮藏温度,坚决杜绝早采、生采,制定科学贮运管理制度,确保商品最后一公里。(4)净化种植环境,减少果实二次污染;加大宣传力度,改善生态条件,减少粉尘污染,采取建立绿色隔离墙和果实套袋等方法控制果面污染。(5)建立猕猴桃果品质量监管制度,完善监管体系。建立农产品质量安全产品认证等级制度,制定优惠政策,推进“三品一标”,实现优质优价。
[Abstract]:Based on the analysis of the present situation of kiwifruit production in the world, the advanced experiences of New Zealand in fruit quality and safety are listed, and combined with the practice of kiwifruit production and fruit quality safety in China. To analyze the present situation of kiwifruit production, storage, transportation and processing, marketing and economic benefits in Shaanxi, through literature review, experimental research, field investigation, data analysis, production technology, input use, Through in-depth study on storage and transportation after harvest and production environment, the main factors affecting the quality and safety of Shaanxi kiwifruit are obtained, and the effective ways to solve the quality and safety problems of Shaanxi kiwifruit are put forward in combination with the production practice. Fundamentally shortening the gap with the international kiwifruit producing countries, so as to further accelerate the transformation of Shaanxi kiwifruit from a big industrial province to a strong industrial province, so that it can truly become a channel for fruit farmers to become rich. The main results are as follows: 1. The factors that affect the quality and safety of kiwifruit in Shaanxi Province (1) the cultivation techniques are backward and the degree of standardization is low: mainly in the key production techniques, no attention is paid to pollination technology, the fruit shape index is low, and only the yield is paid attention to. Neglect of fruit quality, excessive fruit hanging, resulting in debilitating trees, reduced resistance, canker breeding; (2) production inputs chaos, chemical synthesis of excessive investment: in pursuit of yield, ignoring the use of organic fertilizer, excessive use of bulging agents, Chemical fertilizer is also one of the important causes of tree weakness, fruit quality decline, disease breeding; (3) improper storage and transportation after harvest, low edible rate: in order to pursue efficiency, early harvesting and listing, fruit nutrient accumulation is not enough, fruit quality is poor; In order to prolong the market supply, excessive use of preservatives and lowering of storage temperature during storage results in the failure of physiological senescence of fruits and the occurrence of cold (freezing) damage, which leads to fruit corruption and deterioration; in addition, the harvesting system is chaotic. Method extensive is also the main factor that affects fruit quality decline. (4) the environmental pollution is serious, the commercial property is decreased: in recent years, the main producing area of kiwifruit in Shaanxi Province is the Zhouzhi, the phenomenon of gravel and sand collection around Mei County is widespread, kiwifruit is dusty, Automobile exhaust pollution is becoming more and more serious, and some heavy metals in serious areas exceed the standard, which may cause potential threat to consumers' physical and mental health. The effective way to improve the quality and safety of kiwifruit in Shaanxi Province (1) is to carry out standardized technology. Improve management level: use "greenhouse frame" to build garden, "plume" shape plastic, reasonable stay of branch and fruit, pollination of commodity pollen. (2) prohibit the use of high toxicity, high residue input, strictly control chemical synthetic hormone: prohibit the use of fruit swelling agent, Illegal pesticides, control the use of preservatives, chemical fertilizers, increase the application of organic fertilizer, reduce fruit residues, increase the content of soil organic matter. (3) set standards for harvesting, storage and transportation, strict fruit quality control: the implementation of non-destructive testing technology, The maturity is determined by the dry matter content of fruit, the storage temperature is determined by the variety characteristic, the early harvest and the raw harvest are stopped resolutely, the scientific storage and transportation management system is formulated to ensure the last kilometer of the commodity. (4) purify the planting environment and reduce the secondary pollution of the fruit; Strengthen propaganda, improve ecological conditions, reduce dust pollution, take the establishment of green barrier and fruit bagging methods to control fruit surface pollution. (5) establish kiwifruit quality supervision system, improve the regulatory system. Establish the quality and safety of agricultural products certification system, formulate preferential policies, promote "three products, one standard" to achieve high quality and high prices.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S663.4;F322

【相似文献】