中小财险公司在费改中提高车险市场效率的研究
发布时间：2018-08-31 18:49
【摘要】：我国车辆保险费率改革前,车险市场结构是非效率的寡头垄断,处于非均衡的状态,我国财险公司使用的是统一的、严格的费率条款,不能更改或随意使用费率制度。随着我国车险业务的发展,统一制定并实施的车险费率标准的做法暴漏出诸多弊端。各个财险公司的车险险种单一,不能根据具体地理、区位等因素厘定车险费率,又无法在技术上创新,车辆保险行业缺乏竞争力;车险产品同质化严重,只能进行恶性的不合规的竞争;与此同时,不少财险公司过于追求保费收入,忽略了内控管理、成本控制,这些都影响财险公司的经营效率,严重扰乱车险市场的秩序,损害消费者的利益。近几年的车险费率改革,逐步发挥多个市场主体的作用,允许达到标准的保险公司自主拟定车险的条款与厘定费率,改善车险市场的效率。目前效果不太明显,需要进一步改进。本文通过运用制度变迁理论和“帕累托改善”理论研究这一问题。主要思路是:首先分析车险市场原有的寡头垄断制度存在的非效率问题以及当前车险市场存在的非效率问题的现状及原因,然后借鉴国中小财险公司在费改中提高车险市场效率制度创新的经验,提出我国车险市场充分发挥中小财险公司这一市场主体参与车险市场竞争,提高效率的办法,其中的关键在于中小财险公司自身效率的提高,才能推动车险市场实现“帕累托改善”,并提出了中小财险公司提高自身效率的建议。目前关于车险市场效率的研究成果主要是我国目前的保险市场是在计划经济的条件下进行的,其管理模式是比较死板的,是造成车险市场效率不高的重要原因。中小财险公司在保险业的发展中有着至关重要的作用,学者主要偏重于中小、大保险公司的优劣势对比方面的研究,缺乏对中小财险公司在车险市场竞争中,优化市场效率的研究。制度变迁理论是当市场出现不均衡的非效率状态时,各种经济主体利益关系改变,进行再次分配,实现市场效率的“帕累托改善”的重要理论依据。我国车险费率市场化可以通过有效的制度改革减少交易成本等,促进车险市场效率的提高。车险费率市场化改革的目的就是发挥价格调控保险产品供给的作用,提高交易效率,同时依托政府,参考市场的供需,由各个保险公司各自创新险种、以及产品定价、制定费率实行保险产品的个性化的模式,使得产品价格能够发挥其杠杆效能。车险费率市场化改革后,三大财险公司车辆保险费占车险总保费的95.37%,市场集中度很高,我国车险市场垄断竞争格局基本形成。2013年保险行业年报指出在所有49家获得车险承保资格的保险公司中,除人保财险、太保财险、平安财险三家大公司盈利外,其他46家全部负盈利,亏损高达65.3亿元。这表明整个车辆保险行业的中小财产公司综合成本率过高,盈利能力弱,提高车险市场效率的作用很有限。首先分析国外中小财险公司在车险市场竞争中,提高市场效率的成效明显。主要经验:一是车险费率改革是一个循序渐进的过程。二是在车险费改中政策扶持中小财险公司。在费改进程中,车险监管部门应履行其职能,制定相应的政策与规定,督促并监督车险市场主体按实际规划、原则脚踏实地的进行费改,特别是制定帮助中小财险公司提高车险市场效率的政策,尽可能的避免大公司寡头垄断的局面。三是中小财险公司要提升自身的效率,创新产品和服务是关键。其次分析中小财险公司在车险市场竞争中的优势与不足。车险费改背景下中小财险公司提高市场效率的前提是其自身要打造诸如机构灵活、区域优势、树立品牌形象、产品创新能力强等优势。但是目前中小财险公司自身存在成本高、风险控制弱、客户积累少与商业信誉差、产品同质化严重、盈利水平低等不足,使得其提高车险市场效率的作用很有限。最后分析中小财险公司在费改中提高车险市场效率的策略。策略的关键在于提高中小财险公司自身的经营效率,具体可以从细分风险、优化产品组合、创新营销渠道、建立专业化车险营销团队、管控风险和削减开支、提高信誉以及基于大数据完善车险定价与管理机制等方面优化完善。
[Abstract]:Before the reform of China's vehicle insurance premium rate, the structure of China's vehicle insurance market was an inefficient oligopoly and in an unbalanced state. China's property insurance companies used a unified and strict rate clause, and could not change or arbitrarily use the rate system. There are many drawbacks. Each property insurance company has a single type of automobile insurance, can not determine the rate of automobile insurance according to specific geographical, location and other factors, and can not innovate in technology, the automobile insurance industry is lack of competitiveness; the homogeneity of automobile insurance products is serious, can only carry out vicious irregular competition; at the same time, many property insurance companies excessively pursue premium collection. In recent years, the reform of automobile insurance premium rate has gradually played the role of multiple market players, allowing insurance companies to independently formulate the terms and rates of automobile insurance and improve automobile insurance. The efficiency of the insurance market is not obvious at present and needs to be further improved. This paper uses the theory of institutional change and Pareto Improvement to study this problem. And the reasons, and then draw lessons from the experience of small and medium-sized property insurance companies in China to improve the efficiency of the automobile insurance market in the fee reform system innovation, put forward the automobile insurance market in China to give full play to small and medium-sized property insurance companies as the main market participants in the automobile insurance market competition, improve the efficiency of the way, the key is to improve the efficiency of small and medium-sized property insurance companies in order to promote the automobile insurance market. The market realizes Pareto Improvement and puts forward some suggestions for small and medium-sized property insurance companies to improve their own efficiency.At present, the research results on the efficiency of the automobile insurance market are mainly carried out under the condition of planned economy in China, and its management mode is rather rigid, which is an important reason for the inefficiency of the automobile insurance market. Small property insurance companies play a vital role in the development of the insurance industry. Scholars mainly focus on the comparative study of the advantages and disadvantages of small and medium-sized property insurance companies and large insurance companies. The marketization of automobile insurance premium rate in China can promote the improvement of automobile insurance market efficiency by reducing transaction costs through effective system reform. The purpose of the marketization reform of automobile insurance premium rate is to give full play to price regulation and control of insurance products. At the same time, relying on the government, referring to the supply and demand of the market, each insurance company innovates its own insurance types and price the products, formulates the rate to implement the individualized mode of insurance products, so that the product price can play its leverage efficiency. After the reform of the vehicle insurance premium rate market, the three major property insurance companies'vehicle insurance The annual report of the insurance industry in 2013 pointed out that among all the 49 insurance companies eligible for automobile insurance coverage, except the three major insurance companies, PICC Property Insurance, Taibao Property Insurance and Ping An Property Insurance, the other 46 companies were all profitable, with losses as high as 65.3%. This shows that the small and medium-sized property insurance companies in the whole automobile insurance industry have high comprehensive cost rate, weak profitability and limited effect on improving the efficiency of the automobile insurance market. The second is to support the small and medium-sized property insurance companies in the reform of vehicle insurance premiums. In the process of the reform of vehicle insurance premiums, the vehicle insurance supervision department should perform its functions, formulate corresponding policies and regulations, urge and supervise the main body of the vehicle insurance market to carry out the fee reform in accordance with the actual planning and principles, especially to formulate measures to help the small and medium-sized property insurance companies to improve the efficiency of the vehicle insurance market. Third, small and medium-sized property insurance companies should improve their own efficiency, and innovative products and services are the key. Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages of small and medium-sized property insurance companies in the automobile insurance market competition are analyzed. However, at present, small and medium-sized property insurance companies have their own shortcomings, such as high cost, weak risk control, less customer accumulation and poor commercial reputation, serious product homogeneity, low profitability and so on, which make their role in improving the efficiency of the automobile insurance market very limited. The key of the strategy lies in improving the operating efficiency of the small and medium-sized property insurance companies themselves. Specifically, we can subdivide risks, optimize product mix, innovate marketing channels, set up specialized marketing team, control risks and reduce expenditure, improve credibility and improve automobile insurance based on large data. Pricing and management mechanisms are optimized and perfected.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F842.634
本文编号：2215857
[Abstract]:Before the reform of China's vehicle insurance premium rate, the structure of China's vehicle insurance market was an inefficient oligopoly and in an unbalanced state. China's property insurance companies used a unified and strict rate clause, and could not change or arbitrarily use the rate system. There are many drawbacks. Each property insurance company has a single type of automobile insurance, can not determine the rate of automobile insurance according to specific geographical, location and other factors, and can not innovate in technology, the automobile insurance industry is lack of competitiveness; the homogeneity of automobile insurance products is serious, can only carry out vicious irregular competition; at the same time, many property insurance companies excessively pursue premium collection. In recent years, the reform of automobile insurance premium rate has gradually played the role of multiple market players, allowing insurance companies to independently formulate the terms and rates of automobile insurance and improve automobile insurance. The efficiency of the insurance market is not obvious at present and needs to be further improved. This paper uses the theory of institutional change and Pareto Improvement to study this problem. And the reasons, and then draw lessons from the experience of small and medium-sized property insurance companies in China to improve the efficiency of the automobile insurance market in the fee reform system innovation, put forward the automobile insurance market in China to give full play to small and medium-sized property insurance companies as the main market participants in the automobile insurance market competition, improve the efficiency of the way, the key is to improve the efficiency of small and medium-sized property insurance companies in order to promote the automobile insurance market. The market realizes Pareto Improvement and puts forward some suggestions for small and medium-sized property insurance companies to improve their own efficiency.At present, the research results on the efficiency of the automobile insurance market are mainly carried out under the condition of planned economy in China, and its management mode is rather rigid, which is an important reason for the inefficiency of the automobile insurance market. Small property insurance companies play a vital role in the development of the insurance industry. Scholars mainly focus on the comparative study of the advantages and disadvantages of small and medium-sized property insurance companies and large insurance companies. The marketization of automobile insurance premium rate in China can promote the improvement of automobile insurance market efficiency by reducing transaction costs through effective system reform. The purpose of the marketization reform of automobile insurance premium rate is to give full play to price regulation and control of insurance products. At the same time, relying on the government, referring to the supply and demand of the market, each insurance company innovates its own insurance types and price the products, formulates the rate to implement the individualized mode of insurance products, so that the product price can play its leverage efficiency. After the reform of the vehicle insurance premium rate market, the three major property insurance companies'vehicle insurance The annual report of the insurance industry in 2013 pointed out that among all the 49 insurance companies eligible for automobile insurance coverage, except the three major insurance companies, PICC Property Insurance, Taibao Property Insurance and Ping An Property Insurance, the other 46 companies were all profitable, with losses as high as 65.3%. This shows that the small and medium-sized property insurance companies in the whole automobile insurance industry have high comprehensive cost rate, weak profitability and limited effect on improving the efficiency of the automobile insurance market. The second is to support the small and medium-sized property insurance companies in the reform of vehicle insurance premiums. In the process of the reform of vehicle insurance premiums, the vehicle insurance supervision department should perform its functions, formulate corresponding policies and regulations, urge and supervise the main body of the vehicle insurance market to carry out the fee reform in accordance with the actual planning and principles, especially to formulate measures to help the small and medium-sized property insurance companies to improve the efficiency of the vehicle insurance market. Third, small and medium-sized property insurance companies should improve their own efficiency, and innovative products and services are the key. Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages of small and medium-sized property insurance companies in the automobile insurance market competition are analyzed. However, at present, small and medium-sized property insurance companies have their own shortcomings, such as high cost, weak risk control, less customer accumulation and poor commercial reputation, serious product homogeneity, low profitability and so on, which make their role in improving the efficiency of the automobile insurance market very limited. The key of the strategy lies in improving the operating efficiency of the small and medium-sized property insurance companies themselves. Specifically, we can subdivide risks, optimize product mix, innovate marketing channels, set up specialized marketing team, control risks and reduce expenditure, improve credibility and improve automobile insurance based on large data. Pricing and management mechanisms are optimized and perfected.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F842.634
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