超市消防数值模拟分析与研究

发布时间：2018-09-10 17:17

【摘要】：随着我国经济的发展,人民生活质量的不断提高,中国已经发展成为一个具有极大潜力的消费市场。超市因为其独特的营销方式和建筑空间,迎合了现代人的生活节奏和心理需求,受到了广大人民的欢迎。随着超市经营规模的不断扩大,超市火灾发生的频率也越来越高,造成的人员伤亡和经济损失也越来越严重。目前,我国有关超市的消防安全研究相对较少,基于此,本文应用数值模拟方法,对具体超市的消防安全状况进行模拟分析和研究。首先对西安路沃尔玛超市目前的消防设施、可燃物数量以及节假日客流量的现状进行了安全性分析。根据国内外典型的火灾案例,分析出超市类建筑的火灾危害及特点,确定了超市的火灾增长模型、火灾荷载密度、最大热释放速率以及超市内的人员数量和人员特性等参数。应用Pyrosim建模软件,建立了超市火灾的物理模型。按照超市建筑的火灾模拟条件,利用FDS软件模拟出火灾过程中烟气温度、能见度以及烟气层高度等参数的变化,得出超市的危险来临时间,并与Evac疏散软件得出的人员必须安全疏散时间比较,判断出超市目前的疏散设施符合要求。在此基础上,从超市的可燃物管理方面,研究了在保证安全的情况下,沃尔玛超市的最大火灾荷载密度,为超市的货架摆放位置以及面积大小提供了借鉴;同时,从超市人员管理方面,根据人员行为特性,确定了该超市的最大客容量,为超市客容量管理提供了依据。最后,从超市设计的角度,对该超市的防火分区进行重新设计。通过模拟,在保障消防安全的前提下,对该超市的防火分区的个数和面积、疏散出口位置进行了改进。改进的设计减少了一个防火分区,提高了超市利用面积。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of people's quality of life, China has developed into a consumer market with great potential. Supermarket has been welcomed by the people because of its unique marketing and building space, which caters to the modern life rhythm and psychological needs. With the expansion of supermarket operation scale, the frequency of supermarket fire is more and more high, and the casualties and economic losses are becoming more and more serious. At present, there are few researches on fire safety of supermarkets in our country. Based on this, the numerical simulation method is used to simulate and analyze the fire safety situation of specific supermarkets. Firstly, the present situation of fire protection facilities, fuel quantity and holiday passenger flow in Wal-Mart supermarket of Xi'an Road are analyzed. According to the typical fire cases at home and abroad, the fire hazards and characteristics of supermarket buildings are analyzed, and the fire growth model, fire load density, maximum heat release rate and the number and characteristics of people in supermarket are determined. The physical model of supermarket fire is established by using Pyrosim modeling software. According to the fire simulation condition of supermarket building, the change of smoke temperature, visibility and smoke layer height are simulated by using FDS software, and the dangerous time of supermarket is obtained. Compared with the Evac evacuation software, the evacuation time must be safe, and the current evacuation facilities in the supermarket meet the requirements. On this basis, from the aspect of the management of combustible matter in the supermarket, the maximum fire load density of Wal-Mart supermarket under the condition of ensuring safety is studied, which provides reference for the shelf placement and area size of the supermarket; at the same time, From the aspect of supermarket personnel management, according to the characteristics of personnel behavior, the maximum customer capacity of the supermarket is determined, which provides the basis for the management of supermarket customer capacity. Finally, from the point of view of supermarket design, the fire-proof partition of the supermarket is redesigned. On the premise of ensuring fire safety, the number and area of fire prevention zone and evacuation exit location of the supermarket are improved by simulation. The improved design reduces a fire-proof zone and increases the supermarket area.
【学位授予单位】：大连交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU998.1

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