中国作物种业科学技术发展的评述

发布时间：2018-10-15 07:09

【摘要】：《国务院关于加快推进现代农作物种业发展的意见》提出构建以产业为主导、企业为主体、"育繁推一体化"的现代农作物种业体系,全面提升中国农作物种业发展水平。国内外种业的发展推动了种业科学的形成和发展。种业科学是围绕"育繁推一体化"种业产业发展而形成的科学技术学科类群,作物遗传育种是其中的一部分,它和种子生产的理论与技术、种子示范和营销的理论与技术构成了种业科学技术的主体,在相应的遗传、生理、信息技术、政策法规等学科知识的配合下成为相对集中的学科体系。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中。文章在回顾作物育种科学技术进展包括传统的作物育种科学技术和现时分子生物育种研究热点的基础上,归纳出现时重要的8个育种理论和技术问题,继而回顾了作物种子生产和示范推广科学技术的进展,并在此基础上探讨了中国种业科学技术发展的策略和建议。提出要围绕种业发展的需求,建成相对完整的种业科学技术学科体系;要顶层设计,建设成企业种业科技和公益性种业科技两支相互补充、相互配合的种业科学技术研发力量;要优先研究和解决种业发展中的重大科学技术问题,其中包括规模化育种技术,资源富集、遗传解析与创新,常规育种的分子辅助技术,转基因育种与安全技术,品种区域适应性试验制度与品种审定制度的完善,配齐种业基础性公益性研究并确立种子生产标准化体系,加强作物杂优化研发使杂种化成为中国未来种业的特色等。
[Abstract]:"opinions of the State Council on speeding up the Development of Modern crop seed Industry", it is proposed to build a modern crop seed industry system with industry as the main body, enterprises as the main body and "education and reproduction as a whole", so as to promote the development level of China's crop seed industry in an all-round way. The development of seed industry at home and abroad has promoted the formation and development of seed industry science. Seed science is a group of scientific and technological disciplines formed around the development of "breeding and breeding" seed industry, in which crop genetics and breeding is a part, and the theory and technology of seed production. The theory and technology of seed demonstration and marketing constitute the main body of seed science and technology. With the cooperation of the corresponding knowledge of heredity, physiology, information technology, policies and regulations, it becomes a relatively centralized discipline system. China's seed industry science and technology system is being formed and improved. On the basis of reviewing the progress of crop breeding science and technology, including the traditional crop breeding science and technology and the current research hot spots of molecular biological breeding, this paper summarizes eight important breeding theories and technical problems when they appear. Then the advances in crop seed production and demonstration and extension of science and technology are reviewed, and the strategies and suggestions for the development of Chinese seed industry science and technology are discussed. It is proposed that a relatively complete science and technology discipline system of seed industry should be built around the demand of seed industry development, and that the top-level design should be a complementary and mutually coordinated scientific and technological research and development force of seed industry and public welfare seed industry. Priority should be given to the study and solution of major scientific and technological problems in the development of the seed industry, including large-scale breeding techniques, resource enrichment, genetic analysis and innovation, molecular assistant techniques for conventional breeding, transgenic breeding and safety techniques, The system of regional adaptability test of varieties and the system of variety examination and approval should be perfected, the basic commonweal research of seed industry should be carried out, and the standardization system of seed production should be established, and the research and development of crop heterogeneity should be strengthened to make hybrids become the characteristics of future seed industry in China.
【作者单位】：南京农业大学大豆研究所/国家大豆改良中心/农业部大豆生物学与遗传育种重点实验室(综合)/作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室;南京农业大学农学院种业科学系/江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金专项基金软课题研究项目(L1422038) 中国工程院中国工程科技中长期发展战略研究项目(2014-zcq-11) 教育部“111”项目(B08025) 教育部创新团队项目(PCSRT13073) 江苏省优势学科建设工程专项江苏省JCIC-MCP项目
【分类号】：S33;F324.6

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