土耳其宗教治理对新疆开展宗教去极端化工作的启示

发布时间：2018-01-24 19:21

本文关键词： 土耳其宗教治理极端化新疆　出处：《新疆师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伴随着全球化的到来,加之宗教的普世性特点,跨国界、跨地区的共同宗教信仰在当代世界极为普遍,继而又被称之为“全球宗教复兴”。伊斯兰教作为世界三大宗教之一,在霍梅尼革命后也开启了伊斯兰教的复兴进程,出现了伊斯兰由日常生活领域向社会、文化,乃至政治、经济和法律领域扩张的趋势,从而再次开启了伊斯兰教的政治化进程。对当下世界各国,无论东方还是西方,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,无论是土耳其还是中国,如何治理宗教极端主义,都面临着挑战。在我国,尤其是新疆地区,包括宗教极端势力在内的“三股势力”正在威胁着国家和地区安全。宗教极端势力利用穆斯林群众朴素的宗教情感,打着伊斯兰教的旗号,以极端手段和行为,实现其分裂祖国的政治目的,究其实质就是披着宗教外衣的政治活动,从而给我国新疆地区的稳定和发展造成极大危害。从国际经验来看,土耳其世俗化过程是值得肯定的,这是一个伊斯兰主义和世俗化不断糅合的过程,体现了伊斯兰教所具有的包容性,在一定程度上是能够与世俗化相适应的。所以对于我国特别是关涉新疆民族地区的宗教治理工作,可以借鉴土耳其宗教改革和治理的一些具体举措。土耳其的宗教治理进程,始终伴随着国家的发展。从奥斯曼帝国后期即开始了对宗教治理的不断尝试,经历了凯末尔以世俗主义为核心目标的大刀阔斧的宗教改革,从文字、法律、社会习俗等方面革新了民众对伊斯兰教的认识,逐步树立起了土耳其的国家形象与民族归属,并且随着后来土耳其政体的不断完善,逐步走向了世俗化、民主化、现代化的道路,使土耳其走向了现代化崛起之路。尽管这样的道路不能完全套用,但是由于土耳其与我国新疆在宗教国情区情方面具有一定相似性。所以可以为我国宗教治理工作提供经验借鉴,通过对新疆伊斯兰教的疏导和管理,以及在教育过程中提升国家认同,以法律形式规范宗教活动等方面的扎实工作,清除宗教极端势力在新疆滋生的土壤,还新疆各族人民一个社会稳定、政治清明、宗教和谐、民族团结、家庭富足的社会生活环境。
[Abstract]:With the advent of globalization and the universal character of religion, the common religious belief across national boundaries and regions is very common in the contemporary world. Islam, as one of the three major religions in the world, also opened the process of Islamic revival after the Khomeini Revolution, and Islam emerged from the field of daily life to society. The trend of cultural, political, economic and legal expansion has once again opened up the process of politicization of Islam. Whether developed or developing countries, whether Turkey or China, how to manage religious extremism, are facing challenges. In China, especially in Xinjiang region. The "three forces", including religious extremist forces, are threatening national and regional security. Religious extremist forces use the simple religious feelings of Muslim people and use the banner of Islam to use extreme means and actions. To achieve its political goal of splitting the motherland, its essence is a political activity under the cloak of religion, thus causing great harm to the stability and development of Xinjiang region of China. Turkey's secularization process is commendable. It is an ongoing mix of Islamism and secularization, reflecting the inclusiveness of Islam. To a certain extent, it can adapt to secularization. Therefore, it is especially concerned with the religious governance in Xinjiang ethnic areas. We can learn from some specific measures of religious reform and governance in Turkey. The process of religious governance in Turkey has always been accompanied by the development of the country. Through Kemal's radical religious reform with secularism as the core goal, the people's understanding of Islam has been innovated from the aspects of writing, law, social customs and so on. Gradually set up the national image of Turkey and national ownership, and with the continuous improvement of the Turkish regime, gradually moved towards secularization, democratization, modernization. It has set Turkey on the road to modernisation, though it cannot be fully applied. However, because Turkey and Xinjiang have certain similarities in the regional situation of religious conditions, so we can provide experience for our religious governance, through the guidance and management of Islam in Xinjiang. And in the process of education to promote national identity, standardize religious activities in the form of law and other solid work, remove the breeding soil of religious extremist forces in Xinjiang, and return the people of all nationalities in Xinjiang a social stability. Political Pure Brightness, religious harmony, national unity, family rich social environment.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D635;D633

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