地方政府购买公共服务的问题探究

发布时间：2018-02-15 10:58

本文关键词： 地方政府公共服务精明买家购买监管评估　出处：《南京工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着政府职能转变以及社会公众利益诉求的多元化,政府购买公共服务已成为社会治理模式创新的必然趋势。地方政府购买公共服务这种新型模式,可以整体优化地方公共资源配置,减少财政成本、提升地方政府公共服务供给的质量和效率。目前在北京、上海、南京等大中城市都遍布着地方政府购买养老、医疗等公共服务的试点片区,不少地方政府已取得一些成功经验,但同时也暴露出一些问题,如政府购买缺乏监管、公共服务质量参差不齐等,对此,研究地方政府购买公共服务中的问题有重要意义。本文研究从典型案例入手,通过梳理南京市鼓楼区购买养老服务,以及杭州市购买公共交通服务案例,分析购买问题及启示,从购买依据、购买方、供给方和社会环境四个角度,深入分析地方政府购买公共服务中存在的问题,如购买的法律法规不健全、购买范围有限、社会组织购买公共服务能力弱、购买信息沟通交易平台少等。鉴于发达国家在购买公共服务方面已取得的巨大成效,本文选取美国、英国和澳大利亚三个国家的经验进行比较研究。针对购买焦点问题及实现困境,本文借鉴国外成功经验,提出促进地方政府购买公共服务的政策建议,如首先要加强顶层设计,完善购买法律法规和相关的配套制度,为顺利购买提供理论支撑;其次要明确以民众为导向,质量优先、注重实效和确保程序公开公平的指导原则,为购买提供可操作依据;第三要重点规范购买过程,强化监管评估,重视绩效,扶持社会组织、防范价格联盟和采取多种购买方式以防止公共服务异化,打造“精明买家”,督促社会组织成为“优质服务的供应商”,最后还要营造良好社会环境,提高民众对地方政府购买公共服务的参与力度、强化媒体监督力度,创造一个公平的市场竞争环境,构建多中心制度平台等路径,促进地方政府购买到优质公共服务,进一步满足人民大众的多元化需求。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the transformation of government functions and the diversification of social public interests, the purchase of public services by the government has become an inevitable trend in the innovation of social governance model. We can optimize the allocation of local public resources as a whole, reduce financial costs, and improve the quality and efficiency of local government public service supply. At present, in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing and other large and medium-sized cities, local governments are all over the place to buy and provide for the aged. Many local governments have gained some successful experience in the pilot areas of public services such as medical services, but at the same time they have also exposed some problems, such as the lack of supervision over government purchases, the uneven quality of public services, and so on. It is of great significance to study the problems in purchasing public services by local governments. This paper begins with typical cases, analyzes the purchasing problems and enlightenment by combing the cases of purchasing old-age services in the Dumlou District of Nanjing and the public transport services in Hangzhou. From the four angles of purchasing basis, buyer, supply side and social environment, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the purchase of public services by local governments, such as imperfect laws and regulations, limited scope of purchase, and weak ability of social organizations to purchase public services. In view of the great achievements of developed countries in purchasing public services, this paper selects the United States. The experiences of three countries in Britain and Australia are compared. Aiming at the problem of purchasing focus and the difficulty of realization, this paper draws on the successful experience of foreign countries, and puts forward some policy suggestions to promote local governments to purchase public services, such as strengthening the top-level design. To improve the purchase laws and regulations and related supporting systems to provide theoretical support for the smooth purchase; secondly, to make clear the guiding principles of population-oriented, quality first, pay attention to practical results and ensure the openness and fairness of procedures, and provide operational basis for purchase; Third, we should focus on standardizing the purchase process, strengthening supervision and evaluation, paying attention to performance, supporting social organizations, preventing price alliances and adopting various purchasing methods to prevent the alienation of public services. To create "smart buyers" and urge social organizations to become "suppliers of quality services," and finally to create a good social environment, to enhance the participation of the public in the purchase of public services by local governments, and to strengthen media supervision. To create a fair market competition environment, to build a multi-center system platform and other paths to promote local governments to purchase quality public services, and further meet the diversified needs of the people.
【学位授予单位】：南京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

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