当代中国公共服务供给中的政府回应问题探析

发布时间：2018-04-04 10:25

本文选题：政府回应　切入点：公共服务　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：公共服务与人们的生活息息相关,它的有效供给关系到每个人的工作与生活。但在现实生活中,公共服务经常出现供需不平衡的现象,这背后反映的是政府回应的问题。公共服务供给中的政府回应是政府在提供公共服务或产品过程中积极反映民众诉求的过程。政府回应的有效实现对于公共服务供给具有重要意义。第一,由于政府回应强调和民众间经常性的互动,可以在花费较少公众资源的情况下,满足民众的偏好,进而提高公共服务供给的效率。第二,政府回应兼顾弱势群体的需要,反映了未被利益整合的民众诉求,从而提高了公共服务供给的公平性。第三,政府回应既强调公民参与、共同协商,又强调了政府行为以公民为顾客的导向,从而加强了公共服务的民主意识。经过几十年的努力,中国政府在公共服务供给的回应实践中取得了一定的成绩。但同时也存在着一定的问题。第一,回应理念的缺失,很多公共行政官员并没有意识到他们应当回应民众的需要。第二,政府及其工作人员的自利,有些政府的工作人员尽管意识到了自己应当回应民众,但出于自身利益的考虑,而选择了不回应。第三,民众诉求充分表达的困难,一部分民众由于没有建立起现代的公民意识而不想表达,一部分民众由于表达成本过高而难以表达,这使得政府无法回应。第四,传统公共服务供给模式的惯性,由于在公共服务供给中,政府的公共服务供给能力也就是政府的回应能力,传统模式限制了政府对公共服务的有效供给,使得政府难以有效回应民众的需要。为了实现公共服务供给中的政府回应,我们首先应当树立回应理念：以依法行政的意识为基础,以直接回应民意的意识为核心,以群众路线意识为保障。其次要完善与回应民众相关的激励机制,使政府及其工作人员愿意回应、喜欢回应。再次,要通过推行信息公开,完善政府与民众的互动机制降低公众利益的表达成本。最后,要创新公共服务供给模式,充分发挥政府、企业、社会组织的作用。
[Abstract]:Public service is closely related to people's life, and its effective supply relates to everyone's work and life.However, in real life, the imbalance between supply and demand of public services often occurs, which reflects the government's response.The government response in the supply of public services is the process in which the government actively reflects the demands of the public in the process of providing public services or products.The effective realization of government response is of great significance to the supply of public services.First, because the government response emphasizes the regular interaction with the public, it can satisfy the preferences of the public and improve the efficiency of the public service supply with less public resources.Second, the government responds to the needs of the disadvantaged groups and reflects the demands of the people who have not been integrated with the interests, thus improving the fairness of the public service supply.Third, the government response emphasizes citizen participation, consultation, and citizen orientation, thus strengthening the democratic consciousness of public service.After decades of efforts, the Chinese government has made some achievements in the response to the supply of public services.But at the same time there are some problems.First, in response to the lack of ideas, many public administration officials do not realize that they should respond to the needs of the people.Second, the self-interest of the government and its staff, some government workers, although they realize that they should respond to the public, but out of their own interests, chose not to respond.Third, the difficulty of full expression of public demands, some people do not want to express because of the lack of modern civic awareness, some people because of the high cost of expression and difficult to express, which makes the government unable to respond.Fourthly, the inertia of the traditional public service supply mode, because in the public service supply, the government's public service supply capacity is also the government's response ability, the traditional mode has restricted the government's effective supply to the public service.Making it difficult for the government to respond effectively to the needs of the people.In order to realize the government response in the supply of public services, we should first set up the idea of response: based on the consciousness of administration by law, taking the consciousness of directly responding to the public opinion as the core, and taking the consciousness of the mass line as the guarantee.Secondly, it is necessary to improve the incentive mechanism related to the response of the public, so that the government and its staff are willing to respond and like to respond.Thirdly, we should improve the interaction mechanism between the government and the public to reduce the expression cost of public interest.Finally, we should innovate the mode of public service supply and give full play to the role of government, enterprises and social organizations.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D630

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