非政府组织社会救助行为研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 08:28

本文选题：非政府组织　切入点：政府　出处：《华中农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在中国社会转型的大背景下,非政府组织(non-governmental organization,简称NGO)已引起政府、学术界、媒体及大众的关注,成为具有理论价值和现实价值的研究热点。本研究基于组织行为的角度,运用社会行动理论和资源依赖理论,采用问卷调查和个案研究相结合的研究方法对非政府组织社会救助行为进行了调查,考察非政府组织现状,分析组织环境下非政府组织参与社会救助行为,探索在社会转型大背景下,非政府组织以特有的优势参与弱势群体社会救助的实现路径,并就非政府组织参与社会救助中存在的问题提出对策和建议。本研究在实证研究的基础上得出以下基本结论:第一,非政府组织基本现状:样本中,超过一半的非政府组织成立时间在3、5年以内,呈年轻化态势;大部分机构在民政部门登记注册;NGO活动范围主要在一个市、区、县范围之内;NGO专职人员的规模普遍偏小,大部分NGO专职人员在1-10人之间;从业人员的文化程度呈现两头小,中间大的格局。NGO的收入来源主要是依靠政府,主要通过政府采购和项目委托的方式获得政府资金。第二,非政府组织活动领域与行为方式:非政府组织开展社会救助活动并不局限于某一个领域,平均每一个非政府组织的活动领域有3项之余;NGO在开展社会救助活动时主要通过心理辅导、提供物资等实物救助以及培训、研究、训练等三种方式。非政府组织活动领域和服务方式的选择受捐助者或领导部门的影响较大。第三,需求契合行为:大部分非政府组织所提供的服务与救助群体的需求相契合,较多的非政府组织在提供救助后进行了服务成效跟踪和回访,被救助群体对机构所做的服务有较高的认同。第四,救助合作行为:非政府组织经常与政府和草根非政府组织合作。合作满意程度方面,非政府组织与草根非政府组织合作的满意度相对最高,其次是与企业和科研院校的合作,再者是与政府的合作满意度。通过调查分析发现非政府组织社会救助中主要存在资金不足、专业型人力资源缺乏、政府法律政策限制等问题。由此,非政府组织应通过增加自创收入、拓宽收入来源、扩大社会募捐方式建立多渠道的资金来源;政府应出资在社会范围内雇佣专业人士,通过专业人士培训提高其非政府组织员工专业化程度;还应加强媒体合作加大公益宣传。
[Abstract]:Under the background of social transformation in China, the non-governmental organization (NGO) has attracted the attention of the government, academia, media and the public, and has become a hot research topic with theoretical and practical value.Based on the perspective of organizational behavior, using social action theory and resource dependence theory, this study investigates the social relief behavior of non-governmental organizations by means of questionnaires and case studies, and examines the current situation of non-governmental organizations.Under the background of social transformation, non-governmental organizations participate in social assistance behavior under the organizational environment, and explore the realization path of non-governmental organizations to participate in the social assistance of the vulnerable groups with their unique advantages.And put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on the problems existing in the participation of NGOs in social assistance.On the basis of empirical research, this study draws the following basic conclusions: first, the basic status of non-governmental organizations: in the sample, more than half of the non-governmental organizations were established within 3, 5 years, showing a trend of rejuvenation;Most of the organizations registered with the civil affairs departments in the scope of their activities are mainly in a city, district, and county, the scale of full-time NGO personnel is generally small, the majority of full-time NGO personnel are between 1-10 people; the educational level of the employees is small at both ends.The source of NGO's revenue mainly depends on the government, mainly through the way of government procurement and project entrustment to obtain government funds.Second, areas of NGO activities and patterns of conduct: NGOs' social assistance activities are not limited to a particular field.On average, there are three kinds of non-governmental organizations in the field of social assistance activities, mainly through psychological counseling, material and other physical assistance and training, research, training and other three ways.The choice of NGO activities and service modes is greatly influenced by donors or leading departments.Third, the behavior of demand matching: most of the services provided by NGOs are in line with the needs of relief groups.The assisted group has a high level of recognition for the services provided by the agency.Fourth, relief cooperation: NGOs often cooperate with government and grassroots NGOs.In terms of the degree of cooperation satisfaction, the satisfaction degree of cooperation between NGOs and grassroots NGOs is the highest, followed by cooperation with enterprises and research institutions, and with the government.Through investigation and analysis, it is found that there are some problems in the social assistance of non-governmental organizations, such as lack of funds, lack of specialized human resources, restriction of government law and policy, and so on.As a result, non-governmental organizations should establish multi-channel sources of funding by increasing their own income, broadening their sources of income and expanding the means of social fund-raising; governments should contribute to the employment of professionals within society.The specialization of NGO staff should be improved through professional training, and the media cooperation should be strengthened.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D632.9

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